Answer and explanation for the answer please.

Chemical precipitation occurs when a product is insoluble and precipitates out of a solution. By comparison, precipitation reactions require the reactants to be soluble in the solvent.

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Answer:  1.) insoluble 2.) soluble

Explanation: EDMENTUM

After solving the equation the volume of the sample is 121.967L.

What is ideal gas equation?

The Ideal Gas Law (also known as the General Gas Equation) states that the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas are related through the equation PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. This equation is useful for understanding the behavior of gases and for calculating the amount of gas present in a given volume at a given temperature and pressure.

Using ideal gas equation

PV=nRT

V=nRT/P

n=59.9/44 =1.361 mol

V=[ 1.361×62.3636LmmHg/Kmol×293.15K]÷ 204 mm hg

=121.967L

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The volume of the sample is 121.967L.

Define the ideal gas law.

The ideal gas law, also known as the perfect gas law, is a relationship between a gas's pressure P, volume V, and temperature T in the range of low pressures and high temperatures where the gas's molecules move virtually independently of one another.

The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) connects the macroscopic characteristics of ideal gases. An ideal gas is one in which the particles are both non-repellent and non-attractive to one another (have no volume).

Using ideal gas equation

PV= nRT

V= nRT/P

n= 59.9/44 =1.361 mol

V=[ 1.361×62.3636LmmHg/Kmol×293.15K]÷ 204 mm hg

=121.967L

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The name of the compound (CH3CH2)2COHCH3 is butane-2,3-diol.

The compound is an alcohol, which means it contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group. The prefix "butane-" indicates that it has four carbon atoms in a straight chain, and the suffix "-diol" indicates that it contains two hydroxyl groups. The prefix "2,3-" specifies the positions of the hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain.

Butane-2,3-diol is also known by other names, including 2,3-butanediol, 2,3-dihydroxybutane, and 1,4-butanediol. It is a colorless, viscous liquid that is used in the production of plastics, solvents, and other chemicals.

The name of (CH3CH2)2COHCH3​ compound is butane- 2,3- diol.

The organic substance 2,3-butanediol has the formula (CH3CHOH)2. It falls under the vic-diol category. It exists as a chiral pair, three stereoisomers, and a meso isomer. All liquids are colorless. Precursors for various polymers and insecticides are examples of applications.

A butanediol with hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 is known as butane-2,3-diol. It is a secondary alcohol, a glycol, and a butanediol.

Among its many possible uses are the production of printing inks, perfumes, synthetic rubber, fumigants, antifreeze agents, fuel additives, foodstuffs, and pharmaceuticals. 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a promising bulk chemical.

Alcohols classified as primary have just one alkyl group on which the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is connected. These major alcohols include, for instance, ethanol, methanol (propanol),

Thus, The name of (CH3CH2)2COHCH3​ compound is butane- 2,3- diol.

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Answer:

Here are the oxidation states for nitrogen in each of the compounds you listed:

a. Li3N - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +3 in Li3N.

b. NH3 - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of -3 in NH3.

c. N2H4 - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +1 in N2H4.

d. NO - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +2 in NO.

e. NO - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +2 in NO.

f. NO2 - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +4 in NO2.

g. NO2 - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +4 in NO2.

h. NO3 - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +5 in NO3.

i. N2 - Nitrogen has an oxidation state of 0 in N2.

The oxidation state of an element is a measure of the degree of oxidation or reduction that has occurred in a compound. It is determined by the number of electrons that an element has gained or lost in forming a chemical bond.

For the given question, statements A and B are true. So, Option E is correct as the work done given is negative.

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can only be changed from one form to another through the interplay of heat, work, and internal energy. Under no circumstances can energy be created or destroyed. It can be represented as:

ΔU = q + w

where,

ΔU = Total internal energy of the system

q = the heat that is transferred from a system to its surroundings

w = work done on the system or by the system

It is given in the question that q = 25 kJ and w = -15 KJ

So we get from the above equation-

ΔU = 25 - 15 = 10 KJ

The negative amount of heat that the environment has absorbed will be the value of internal energy.

Thus, the negative sign of work done shows that the work is done by the system on the surroundings while increasing the temperature of the surroundings.

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Answer:

B. Experiments are rarely accurate, so it’s important to keep testing a hypothesis.

Explanation:

The slope of a distance-time graph for this motion will have a straight line to represent that the object in motion is at a constant speed.

A distance-time graph depicts how far an object has traveled in a specified amount of time. It is a simple line graph that depicts distance versus time findings. The Y-axis represents distance. On the X-axis, time is plotted.

The slope of the distance-time graph should always be constant because the bike is moving at a constant speed. As a result, the graph will be a straight line through the origin.

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3.6 atm is the pressure inside the container after 243 mg of magnesium has reacted.

Pressure is defined as the force applied perpendicularly to an object's surface divided by the area over which that force is applied.

The reaction given is: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(s) + H2(g). The moles of H2 gas formed are therefore equal to the moles of Mg that reacted, and can be calculated from: n = 0.243 g/(24.3 g/mol) = 0.01 moles (converting 243 mg to 0.243 g).

The added pressure is calculated by P = nRT/V using approximations: 0.08 L atm/molK for R (0.0821 rounded), 300K for T (303.15 before rounding) and 0.10 L for V.

Solving gives pressure = 2.4 atm. Finally, this number must be added to the initial pressure: 2.4 + 1.2 = 3.6 atm.

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Answer:

You could calculate the answer given the formula

M = mol/L

you can get mol using g/MolarMass

=> 42g/22.99g/mol = 1.82688125mol

1.25M = 1.82688125mol/V

=> apply simple algebra
V = 1.4615 L
=> Notice that the answer requires the unit to be ml
V = 1.4615L * 1000ml/L = 1461.5ml

=> Notice that the given grams have 2 sig figs

V = 1500 ml

The Reaction energy change = -456 kJ releases most energy to the surroundings. Option A is correct here

In a chemical reaction, one or more substances—also known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—also known as products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances.

Chemical reactions are the processes by which a substance or substances change chemically to create a new substance or substances with entirely new attributes. The most energy is released into the environment via the reaction energy change, which is -456 kJ.

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Selenium is a chemical element with the atomic number 34 and the symbol Se. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between sulphur and tellurium in the periodic table, as well as similarities to arsenic.

a) The isotopes have the same number (34) of protons, but a different number of neutrons.

b) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^4 is the complete electron configuration for a selenium atom.

c) Se' 1st ionization energy is greater than Te because Se is experiencing less shielding than Te, as a result Se' electrons are more attracted to the nucleus compared to Te.

d) Seesaw shape is the shape of the selenium tetrafluoride and the number of electrons is 34. It is polar due to Asymmetry.

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Lattice structures: The correct answer is 2 anions and 3 cations. The unit cell contains a net 2 anions and 3 cations

What are lattice structures?

A lattice structure is a unit cell that fills all available space and may be tessellated along any axis without any spaces between the cells. These structures are a new development in terms of weight, energy, and time savings in modern manufacturing.

Anions are present at 8 corners and in one corner contribution is 1/8

so for 8 corners =(1/8)×8=1

And one anion i at centre and its contribution is one

total anion=2

Cations are present at 6 corners and contribution of one face is 1/2

So, net number of cations is 6×1/2 = 3 cations.

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The unit cell contains a net 3 cations and 2 anions.

Lattice structures: what are they?

A unit cell that completely occupies its area and can be tessellated along any axis without any gaps between the cells is known as a lattice structure. In terms of weight, energy, and time savings in modern manufacturing, these structures represent a new advance.

Corner atoms are counted as 1/8 of a total atom (just 1/8 of them are inside the unit cell's boundaries).

Atoms in the center count as one whole (whole thing inside the unit cell)

Face atoms are counted as one-half of a unit cell (half inside, half outside).

Therefore, the computation for anions is

1/8 anion at each corner x 8 corners on a cube = 1 anion

+ 1 whole anion

 = 2 anions per cell

The formula for cations is

1/2 cation at each face x 6 faces on a cube = 3 cations per cell

The unit cell contains a net 3 cations and 2 anions.

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The radioactivity A of a drop of iodine I-131 if the mass of the drop is 1.5 g and the period is 13h is:  1.29 x 10^(-11) disintegrations/second.

Generally, To find the radioactivity of a drop of iodine I-131, you will need to use the following formula:

A = (N/M) * ln(2) / T

where:

To use this formula, you will need to know the atomic mass of I-131, which is about 130.906 amu, and its half-life, which is about 8.04 days. You will also need to convert the mass of the drop from grams to atomic mass units, which can be done by dividing the mass by the atomic mass of carbon-12 (12 amu).

First, convert the period from hours to seconds:

13 hours = 13 * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute

= 5,040 seconds

Then, convert the period from seconds to days:

5,040 seconds = 5,040 seconds / (24 hours/day * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute)

= 0.6 days

Then, calculate the half-life in seconds:

8.04 days = 8.04 days * 24 hours/day * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute

= 691,840 seconds

Then, use the formula above to calculate the radioactivity:

A = (N/M) * ln(2) / T = (N/130.906 amu) * ln(2) / (691,840 seconds)

= (1.5 g / 12 amu) * ln(2) / (691,840 seconds)

= 0.125 * ln(2) / (691,840 seconds)

= 0.08867 * (1/691,840 seconds)

= 1.29 x 10^(-11) disintegrations/second

So the radioactivity of the drop of iodine I-131 is approximately 1.29 x 10^(-11) disintegrations/second.

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Here, cathode seems to be the positive electrode and anode is the negative electrode. Positive (+) is the anode and negative (-) is the cathode. Thus, electrons go from the aluminosilicate and niobium

A conductor used to establish contact with the a nonmetallic component of a circuit is known as an electrode. Electrodes are frequently employed in electrochemical cells, semiconductors including diodes, and medical equipment. The electrode is where the transport of electrons takes place.

Electrodes are divided into two categories, cathode and anode, depending on the sort of reaction that takes place in an electrochemical cell. Positive and negative charges, respectively, are present at the cathode and anode.

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To calculate the unified atomic mass unit (u) of 13N using the energy of the reaction given in equation (5.28), you can use the following equation:

u = energy / c^2

where energy is the energy of the reaction in joules, c is the speed of light in meters per second, and u is the unified atomic mass unit in kilograms.

First, you need to convert the energy of the reaction from MeV (Mega electron volts) to joules. You can do this using the conversion factor of 1 MeV = 1.602 x 10^-13 joules. Plugging in the values for the energy of the reaction (-3.00 MeV) and the conversion factor, you get:

Energy in joules = -3.00 MeV * 1.602 x 10^-13 joules/MeV = -4.806 x 10^-13 joules

Next, you need to convert the speed of light from meters per second to joules per second. You can do this using the conversion factor of 1 m/s = 1 j/s. Plugging in the value for the speed of light (299,792,458 m/s) and the conversion factor, you get:

c = 299,792,458 m/s * 1 j/s = 299,792,458 j/s

Now you can plug in the values for energy and c into the equation above to calculate the unified atomic mass unit of 13N:

u = (-4.806 x 10^-13 joules) / (299,792,458 j/s)^2 = 1.50 x 10^-27 kilograms

This is the unified atomic mass unit of 13N in kilograms. You can convert this value to atomic mass units (amu) by dividing it by 1.660 x 10^-27 kilograms/amu:

u in amu = 1.50 x 10^-27 kilograms / (1.660 x 10^-27 kilograms/amu) = 0.906 amu

Therefore, the unified atomic mass unit (u) of 13N is approximately 0.906 amu.

1)Unlike other macromolecules, lipids can survive in rock records for millions or billions of years. This is typically used for rock quantification.

2)RNA is both a nucleotide acid and a prospective catalyst.

Macromolecules are largely polymers, which are long chains of molecular divisions known as monomers. Long polymers are found in carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. They are classified as macromolecules due to one‘s polymeric nature as well as large size. Macromolecules are massive molecules that populate cells and provide vital functions for life. Macromolecules, for example, offer structural support, a source of non - renewable power, the ability to store and collect genetic information, and the capacity to accelerate biochemical reactions. Lipids are fatty substances that serve numerous functions in your body. They are part of your cell membranes and help control what enters and exits your cells.

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Helium in 1 atm + 273 K, neon at 1 atm, neon at 2 atm, neon at 2 atm, and neon at 73 K

Advertising signs are the main application for neon gas. High voltage indicators are also made of neon, and helium-neon lasers are created by combining neon with helium. As a cryogenic refrigerant, liquid neon is employed.

Neon is extremely volatile and doesn't form any compounds that would allow it to be fixed to solids, which accounts for its relative paucity on Earth as well as the inner (terrestrial) planets. As a result, in the early Solar System, it broke free from the planetesimals while being warmed by the newly ignited Sun.

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To solve this problem, we need to use the balanced chemical equation given in the question to determine the relative amounts of the reactants and products. The balanced chemical equation is:Cr2O3 + 2Al → 2Cr + Al2O3We are given that the starting amount is 1 tonne of chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3), and we want to calculate the mass of aluminium needed to react with this amount. From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of Cr2O3 that reacts, 2 moles of Al are needed.1 tonne is equal to 1000 kg, and the molar mass of Cr2O3 is 151.99 g/mol, so 1 tonne of Cr2O3 is equal to 1000 / 151.99 = 6.58 moles of Cr2O3. Since 2 moles of Al are needed for every 1 mole of Cr2O3, 6.58 moles of Al are needed to react with 1 tonne of Cr2O3.The molar mass of Al is 26.98 g/mol, so 6.58 moles of Al is equal to 6.58 x 26.98 = 179 kg of Al. Therefore, the mass of aluminium needed to react with 1 tonne of chromium (III) oxide is 179 kg.To calculate the mass of chromium produced, we can use the same method. From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of Cr2O3 that reacts, 2 moles of Cr are produced. Since 1 tonne of Cr2O3 is equal to 6.58 moles, 6.58 x 2 = 13.16 moles of Cr are produced.The molar mass of Cr is 52 g/mol, so 13.16 moles of Cr is equal to 13.16 x 52 = 687 kg of Cr. Therefore, the mass of chromium produced from 1 tonne of chromium (III) oxide is 687 kg.

The balanced chemical equation provided in the question must be used to calculate the proportions of the reactants and products in order to answer this issue. Al2O3 + Cr2O3 = Cr2O3 + Al2O3 is the balanced chemical equation.

Given a starting amount of 1 tonne of chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) and need to determine how much aluminum is required for the reaction to occur.

We can see from the balanced equation that 2 moles of Al are required for every 1 mole of Cr2O3 that reacts. Given that 1 tonne is equivalent to 1000 kg and that Cr2O3 has a molar mass of 151.99 g/mol, 1 tonne of Cr2O3 is equal to 6.58 moles of Cr2O3.

In order for 1 tonne of Cr2O3 to react with 6.58 moles of Al, 2 moles of Al must be added for every mole of Cr2O3.6.58 moles of Al are equivalent to 6.58 x 26.98, or 179 kg, of Al since the molar mass of aluminum is 26.98 g/mol.

As a result, 179 kg of aluminum is required to react with 1 tonne of chromium (III) oxide.

We may apply the same procedure to determine the mass of chromium produced. The balanced equation shows that 2 moles of Cr are created for every mole of Cr2O3 that reacts.

Because 1 tonne of Cr2O3 is equivalent to 6.58 moles, the amount of Cr produced is 6.58 x 2 = 13.16 moles.

13.16 moles of Cr are equal to 13.16 x 52 = 687 kg of Cr since the molar mass of Cr is 52 g/mol. Consequently, 687 kg of chromium is created from 1 tonne of chromium (III) oxide.

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The concentration of the HCl (aq) solution was at least 1.0 M.

The abundance of a constituent divided by the sum of the mixture's volumes is the definition of concentration in chemistry. There are several different categories of mathematical description: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration

P = 0.095atm(corresponds to 0.20g of CaCO3

so,moles of CaCO3 =0.20g/100gmol⁻¹=0.002moles

moles of HCl =(molesₓCaCO3ₓ2)=0.002ₓ2

M=0.004/4ₓ100

Concentration of HCl=1M

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All transporters were reduced as cytochrome oxidation is inhibited by cyanide. Since there is no terminating electron acceptor when O2 is absent, all carriers undergo reduction.

A negative charges particle known as an electron can be either independent or attached to an atom (not bound). Another of the three main types of elements within an atom is an electrode that is bonded to it; the other couple are protons & neutrons.

An electron's energy is determined by where it is in relation to the atom's nucleus. The distance an electron inside an atom has to travel from the nucleus depends on its energy level.

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Green light has a higher frequency and shorter wavelengths than infrared radiation. Option A is correct.

On the electromagnetic spectrum, green light, which is visible light, has a wavelength that falls between 380 nm and 750 nm, while infrared light, which begins at 700 nm and extends to 1 mm, is just beyond it. Because of this, infrared can only be viewed with specialised tools like security cameras.

Due to their longer wavelengths than visible light, infrared waves can travel across crowded areas of gas and dust in space without being significantly scattered or absorbed. In comparison to infrared photons, visible light has shorter wavelengths and higher frequency.

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H will have the longest wavelength emission line for the transition between the n initial = 2 and n final = 1 levels.

A movement (or leap) of an electron from one energy level to another within an atom or artificial atom is referred to as an atomic electron transition. It seems discontinuous because the electron "jumps" from one quantized energy level to another in a matter of nanoseconds or less.

Electronic transitions occur in atoms and molecules as a result of electromagnetic radiation absorption or emission (typically UV or visible). Planck's equation, E = h, relates the energy change associated with a transition to the frequency of an electromagnetic wave. Transitions between these permitted orbits occur in photon absorption or emission. A photon is released when an electron transitions from a higher-energy orbit to a more stable orbit.

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The evidence that is showing that Earth’s atmospheres or oceans have changed over time.

Humans have dramatically changed the composition of the atmosphere and increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the environment since the industrial revolution. Long-term changes in our climate result from these gases' ability to make the atmosphere act more like a greenhouse and store more heat.

By condensation from the solar nebula, Earth was created 4.54 billion years ago, or roughly one-third the age of the universe. The primeval atmosphere was likely produced by volcanic outgassing, and others.

Therefore, Due to plant photosynthesis, the amount of oxygen rose. As ammonia reacted with the newly generated oxygen in the atmosphere to create nitrogen and water vapor, its proportion in the atmosphere fell. As it combined with the freshly created oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water, the amount of methane reduced.

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Only BeCl4^2- has a central atom with sp3 hybridization. The other molecules, SF4 and BrO3-, do not have a central atom with sp3 hybridization.

When it comes to identifying which of the following molecules has a central atom with sp3 hybridization, the answer is X. BeCl4^2-. This molecule has a central atom of beryllium, which has an electron configuration of [He] 2s^2 2p^1. In order to form a stable structure, the beryllium atom must use sp3 hybridization, which is a combination of one s orbital and three p orbitals. This hybridization allows the beryllium atom to form four single covalent bonds with the four chlorine atoms, resulting in a tetrahedral shape.

The other molecules, Y. SF4 and Z. BrO3-, have central atoms of sulfur and bromine, respectively. Both of these atoms have an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s^2 3p^4. This allows them to form a stable structure without needing to use sp3 hybridization. Instead, sulfur forms a seesaw shape using sp3d2 hybridization, while bromine forms a trigonal bipyramidal shape using sp3d2 hybridization.

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The equilibrium partial pressure of CO(g) can be maximized by carrying out the reaction at low temperature and low pressure.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, when a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by an external element, the equilibrium will move in a way that may counteract the effect of the external factor in order to maintain the equilibrium.

The given reaction is-

2CO₂(g)  ⇄  2CO(g) + O₂(g)    (ΔH = -514 kJ)

Now, how does change in pressure and temperature affects the reaction-

Change in pressure:

The equilibrium will move toward the side where there are less moles of gas from the reaction as pressure rises. Additionally, when pressure drops, the equilibrium will move in favor of the side where there are more gas molecules involved in the process.

2.0 moles of gases are on the reactants side (on the left) and 3.0 moles are on the products side (on the right).

Therefore, lowering the pressure will cause the reaction to move to the side where there are more gas molecules (right side, products) and the equilibrium partial pressure of CO(g) can be maximized at low pressure.

Change in temperature:

The sign of H indicates that the reaction is exothermic (negative).

The concentration of the products side will decrease as the temperature drops, so the reaction will be moved to the right to counteract the temperature drop so that the equilibrium partial pressure of CO (g) can be maximized at low temperatures.

Hence the correct answer is low temperature and low pressure.

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While tumor marker test results can be useful, they are not conclusive. A low result does not imply that you do not have cancer or that you are in remission.

CA 15-3, for example, is raised in less than half of patients with early breast cancer and in more than 80% of those with metastatic breast cancer. Three tumor markers, cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), cancer antigen 27.29 (CA 27.29), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), have been used in breast cancer care to help monitor metastatic breast cancer (advanced disease), but they have not been found to be useful in detecting a breast cancer recurrence or extending lives. If the level falls, the treatment is effective. If it rises, the cancer may be spreading.

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The first and third statements are correct, impossible for every atoms in xef to satisfy this same octet rule.

What is octet rule?

The octet rule is a general chemical principle that represents the idea that main-group elements have a propensity to connect in a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

TRUE

The octet rule is not followed by Xe. In fact, it creates ties. It can accommodate more than 8 electrons.

Since Xenon has valence electrons at the fourth energy level, it can reach the fourth sublevel, which gives it access to more than eight electrons. The Xenon is surrounded by 3 lone pairs and 2 bonded pairs of valence electrons in XeF2, which is dsp3 hybridised. The VSEPR forecasts the form to be linear.

The d sublevel is not accessible to elements in the first two periods of the Periodic Table, and they are instead required to abide by the octet rule (or duet H and He rule).

False. (b)

Due to its electrical arrangement of 1s2, 2s2, and 2p4, oxygen is tiny and does not have a vacant d-orbital.

(c) TRUE

Stronger bonds result from stronger bond orders. The bond strength will also be lesser the longer the bond is. One can tell that the NO+ bond will be stronger if they compute the bond order, which is greater for NO+ and the bond length, which is greater for NO-.

D. FALSE

Due to Covalency, the three oxygen forms are bonded. The double bond and single bond will switch places if you design a resonant structure, but in reality, no resonating form can fully explain the structure of ozone; the behaviour of the bond is the average of a single bond and a double bond between the oxygen atoms. There is neither a weaker nor a stronger bond in ozone because both bonds are equivalent.

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Answer:

Photosynthesis would happen in the plant, while cellular respiration would happen in the plant and the fish. In the plant, photosynthesis occurs when light energy is converted into chemical energy used for growth and development. In fish, cellular respiration occurs when the fish takes in oxygen from the water and uses it to convert energy from food into usable energy...

Explanation:

The bonds ionic and covalent are in the NH4Cl as it has the one ionic bond and 3 covalent bonds.

There is definitely a coordinate bond (that's definitely a type of covalent bond wherein handiest one of the collaborating atoms donate each in their electrons to shape a covalent bond) among lone pair of nitrogen in ammonia(NH3) and a proton(H+ ion),which as a result creates an ammonium ion(NH4+).

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For a first reaction its exothermic reaction ,increases, decreases.

For second reaction its exothermic reaction, increases, decreases.

For third reaction its endothermic reaction , increases, decreases.

What principle underlies Le Chatelier?

Le Chatelier's principles, sometimes known as the equilibrium law, allow for the prediction of a system in chemical equilibrium (such as the change in temperature or pressure).

The equilibrium position moves to the right at low temperatures.

Please see the accompanying file for a more thorough explanation.

CoCl₄²⁻ (aq)  ⇆ Co²⁺ + 4Cl⁻

1. Exothermic -

At low temp, the position of equilibrium shifts to right side and forms more pink color.

when the temp decreases. the K increases

[tex]K = \frac{[Co^{2+} ][Clx^{-} ]^{4} }{CoCl_{4} ^{2-} }[/tex]

2. At low temperature, more Co²⁺ produces and K values will increase as equilibrium shifts towards right.

Higher [Co²⁺] = Hugh K value

3. When temperature decreases the concentration of CoCl₄²⁻ decreases.

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