Accounting treatment for the given transactions is as follows:
a) Expenditure incurred on R&D: All the R&D expenses should be immediately charged to expense in the period in which they are incurred. Therefore, in this case, $50,000 will be charged as R&D expenses in 2022.
b) Purchase of Patent: Patent acquisition costs should be capitalized. Therefore, the patent's cost ($800,000) should be capitalized as an intangible asset. Amortization expense for the patent can be recorded over the patent's life (20 years).
c) Acquiring a Franchise: A franchise can be capitalized, and its cost ($600,000) should be added to the intangible assets. But as of 30th June 2022, the franchise value is worth $800,000, which means an increment of $200,000. It should be recognized as income.
Total expenses for the year ended June 30, 2022, can be calculated as follows:R&D expenses: $50,000Amortization of patent: ($800,000/20) = $40,000
The total expense for the year will be the sum of both: $50,000+$40,000 = $90,000.
Intangible assets as of 30 June 2022: The total value of the intangible assets can be calculated as follows:Intangible assetsPatent (800,000-40,000) $760,000Franchise $800,000Intangible assets' total value as of 30 June 2022 is $1,560,000.
R&D expenses should be charged to expense as incurred.Patent acquisition costs should be capitalized and amortized over the patent's life.A franchise can also be capitalized if it has a determinable useful life, and its cost should be added to the intangible assets.
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If last year’s NFO is $103116, the current year’s free cash flow is $65577, current year’s net financial income is $12650 and current year’s net dividends are $16560, what is the current year’s NFO?
Current year’s NFO can be calculated by adding current year’s free cash flow to the current year’s net financial income and subtracting the current year’s net dividends from it. Therefore, the current year’s NFO is calculated as follows :
Current year’s NFO = Free cash flow + Net financial income - Net dividends= $65577 + $12650 - $16560= $61667
Thus, the current year’s NFO is $61667.
The net financial outcome (NFO) is an accounting metric that represents the difference between a company's financial revenues and costs. The net financial result may be a positive or negative value. The net financial outcome is arrived at by subtracting financial costs from financial income. The financial expenses, financial revenues, and the net financial result are the three components of the profit and loss statement that reveal a company's financial outcomes.
The financial outcome may be the main metric used to assess a company's ability to earn money from its financial investments. If the current year's net financial income is $12650 and the net dividends for the current year are $16560, the company's free cash flow would be $65577, and the previous year's net financial outcome was $103116. To calculate the current year's NFO, add the current year's free cash flow to the current year's net financial income and subtract the current year's net dividends from it, resulting in $61667. Therefore, the current year's NFO is $61667.
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a project requires a current expenditure of $300 and expects to generate $100 cash inflows at the end of each of the next 5 years. what conclusion can be drawn from examining an npv profile for this project?
By examining the NPV profile for this project, it can be concluded whether the project is expected to generate a positive or negative net present value (NPV) at different discount rates.
Examining the NPV profile for this project can provide insights into its financial viability at various discount rates. If the NPV remains positive or consistently increases across different discount rates, it suggests that the project is expected to generate a favorable return on investment. This indicates that the project's cash inflows are sufficient to cover the initial expenditure and provide a surplus over the project's lifespan. Conversely, if the NPV profile shows negative values or a decreasing trend, it implies that the project may not generate enough cash inflows to justify the initial expenditure. In such cases, further analysis and consideration of alternative options would be necessary to determine the feasibility and desirability of pursuing the project.In conclusion, a positive NPV profile indicates the project's financial viability and potential for a favorable return on investment, while a negative NPV profile suggests it may not be economically feasible or yield a positive return.
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Wiater Company operates a small manufacturing facility. On January 1, 2021, an asset account for the company showed the following balances: Equipment : $ 160,000
Accumulated Depreciation (beginning of the year) : 100,000 During the first week of January 2021, the following cash expenditures were incurred for repairs and maintenance: Routine maintenance and repairs on the equipment : $ 1,850 Major overhaul of the equipment that improved efficiency : 24,000
The equipment is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated life of 15 years with a $10,000 estimated residual value. The annual accounting period ends on December 31. Required: Indicate the effects (accounts, amounts, and + for increase and – for decrease) of the following two items on the accounting equation, using the headings shown below. (Enter any decreases to Assets, Liabilities, or Stockholders' Equity with a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations.) 1. The adjustment for depreciation made last year at the end of 2020. 2. The two expenditures for repairs and maintenance during January 2021.
1, The adjustment for depreciation made last year decreased both the Accumulated Depreciation and Retained Earnings accounts by $10,000 each. 2, The expenditures for repairs and maintenance in January 2021 decreased the Stockholders' Equity by $1,850 and $24,000, and the Cash account by the same amounts.
1, The adjustment for depreciation made last year at the end of 2020:
Determine the depreciation expense for the year:
Depreciation Expense = (Cost of equipment - Residual value) / Useful life
= ($160,000 - $10,000) / 15
= $10,000
Debit the Depreciation Expense account and credit the Accumulated Depreciation account:
Accumulated Depreciation: -$10,000
Retained Earnings: -$10,000
2, The two expenditures for repairs and maintenance during January 2021:
Debit the Repairs and Maintenance Expense account and credit the Cash account for each expenditure:
Routine maintenance and repairs: -$1,850
Major overhaul of equipment: -$24,000
These transactions do not directly impact the accounting equation since they involve expense recognition and cash payment. However, they will affect the net income and cash flow of the company.
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The Zhao Family's utility function is U(x, y) = 4 ln x + 11 In y, where • x = quantity of essential goods the family purchases per month. • y = quantity of luxury goods the family purchases per month. The average cost/unit of essential goods and luxury goods are • Cx = $10 • Cy = $80 respectively, and the family's monthly budget is B = $4800. The utility-maximizing quantity of essential goods for the Zhao Family is found by solving the equation ... a. 240 +0.875x = 0 b. 4/x - 1.375 / 60 - 0.125x = 0 c. 4 ln x + 11 ln(60 - 0.125x) = 0 d. 4/x + 11 / 60 - 0.125x =0
The utility-maximizing quantity of essential goods for the Zhao Family can be found by solving the equation given in the options. Looking at the options, option c, 4 ln x + 11 ln(60 - 0.125x) = 0, represents the correct equation.
To understand why option c is the correct equation, let's analyze the utility function and the constraints of the problem. The utility function U(x, y) = 4 ln x + 11 ln y represents the family's satisfaction or happiness, where x is the quantity of essential goods and y is the quantity of luxury goods purchased per month.
The family's budget constraint is given by the equation Cx * x + Cy * y = B, where Cx is the average cost per unit of essential goods, Cy is the average cost per unit of luxury goods, and B is the monthly budget. In this case, the budget constraint can be written as 10x + 80y = 4800.
To find the utility-maximizing quantity of essential goods, we need to maximize the utility function U(x, y) while satisfying the budget constraint. This can be done using the Lagrange multiplier method or by substituting one equation into the other.
In this case, by substituting the budget constraint equation into the utility function equation, we get 4 ln x + 11 ln(60 - 0.125x) = 0. This equation represents the optimization problem of maximizing utility subject to the budget constraint.
Therefore, option c, 4 ln x + 11 ln(60 - 0.125x) = 0, represents the equation that needs to be solved to find the utility-maximizing quantity of essential goods for the Zhao Family.
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The profit relation for the following estimates at a quantity that is 20% above breakeven is Fixed cost $500,000 per year Variable cost per unit $200 Revenue per unit $250 Your answer: a. Profit=200(12,000)-250/12,000)-500,000 b. Profit=250/12,000)-200(12,000)-500,000 c. Profit=250(12,000)-200(12,000)+500,000 d. Profit=250(12,000)-200(10,000)-500,000
The profit relation for the given estimates at a quantity that is 20% above breakeven is Profit = 250(12,000) - 200(12,000) - 500,000.Option (d) Profit = 250(12,000) - 200(10,000) - 500,000 is the correct option. Let us understand the formula for profit relation as follows: Profit = (Revenue - Total Cost) x Quantity.
Profit is the revenue left over after accounting for the total cost of production, operating expenses, and taxes. Revenue is the total income received from the sales of the product. Total cost is the fixed cost added to the variable cost. Variable cost is the cost that changes with the quantity produced. Fixed cost is the cost that does not change with the quantity produced. Quantity is the number of products produced.
According to the given question, Fixed cost = $500,000Variable cost per unit = $200Revenue per unit = $250Quantity = 12,000 units To calculate the profit relation for the given estimates at a quantity that is 20% above breakeven, we need to find the total cost first. Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost Total cost = $500,000 + ($200 x 12,000)Total cost = $2,900,000Now, let's use the formula of profit relation, Profit = (Revenue - Total Cost) x Quantity Profit = ($250 - $200) x 12,000 - $500,000Profit = $3,000 - $500,000Profit = $2,500,000Therefore, the correct option is (d) Profit = 250(12,000) - 200(10,000) - 500,000.
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Consider total cost and total revenue given in the following table Quantity 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total cost $8 9 10 11 13 19 27 37 Total revenue $0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 a. Calculate profit for each quantity. How much should the firm produce to maximize profit? b. Calculate marginal revenue and marginal cost for each quantity. Graph them. (Hint Put the points between whole numbers. For example, the marginal cost between 2 and 3 should be graphed at 2n) At what quantity do these curves cross? How does this relate to your answer to part (a)? c. Can you tell whether this firm is in a competitive industry? If so, can you tell whether the industry is in a long-run equilibrium?
a. To maximize profit, the firm should produce the quantity that yields the highest profit, which in this case is 6 units. b. The marginal cost and marginal revenue curves cross at quantity 6. c. We cannot definitively determine whether the firm is in a competitive industry or not.
a. To calculate the profit for each quantity, we subtract the total cost from the total revenue for each quantity. The table (a) is attached.
To maximize profit, the firm should produce the quantity that yields the highest profit, which in this case is 6 units.
b. Marginal revenue (MR) is the change in total revenue when one additional unit is produced. Marginal cost (MC) is the change in total cost when one additional unit is produced. We can calculate the marginal revenue and marginal cost in the table (b) attached.
Graphing the marginal revenue and marginal cost curves
Marginal revenue remains constant at $8 for all quantities.
Marginal cost increases at a constant rate until quantity 6, where it jumps from $6 to $8.
The marginal cost and marginal revenue curves cross at quantity 6.
This intersection point is significant as it represents the quantity at which the firm maximizes its profit (as calculated in part a).
c. Based on the given information, we cannot definitively determine whether the firm is in a competitive industry or if the industry is in a long-run equilibrium. This information does not provide details about the market structure, the number of competitors, or the presence of barriers to entry.
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XYZ Industries is expected to generate the above free cash flows over the next five years, after which free cash flows are expected to grow at a rate of 1% per year. If the weighted average cost of capital is 7% and XYZ has cash of $14 million, debt of $42 million, and 60 million shares outstanding, what is General Industries' expected current share price? Round to the nearest one-hundredth.
To calculate the expected current share price of XYZ Industries, we need to determine the present value of the future free cash flows and adjust for the company's cash and debt.
1. Calculate the present value of the expected free cash flows:
- Year 1: $18 million / (1 + 0.07)^1 = $16.82243 million
- Year 2: $20 million / (1 + 0.07)^2 = $17.47274 million
- Year 3: $22 million / (1 + 0.07)^3 = $17.71033 million
- Year 4: $24 million / (1 + 0.07)^4 = $17.81325 million
- Year 5: $26 million / (1 + 0.07)^5 = $17.85473 million
2. Calculate the present value of the cash and debt:
- Present value of cash: $14 million
- Present value of debt: $42 million / (1 + 0.07)^5 = $32.89376 million
3. Calculate the total present value of the company's equity:
Total equity value = Present value of free cash flows + Present value of cash - Present value of debt
Total equity value = $16.82243 million + $17.47274 million + $17.71033 million + $17.81325 million + $17.85473 million + $14 million - $32.89376 million
Total equity value = $70.77872 million
4. Calculate the expected share price:
Share price = Total equity value / Number of shares outstanding
Share price = $70.77872 million / 60 million shares
Share price ≈ $1.17965
Therefore, the expected current share price of XYZ Industries is approximately $1.18 (rounded to the nearest one-hundredth).
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Project S has an initial cost of $10,000 and produces annual cash flows of $3,000 for five years. Project L has an initial cost of $25,000 and generates annual cash flows of $7,000 for five years. The two projects are mutually exclusive. What is the cross-over rate for these two projects?
a. 16.25%
b. 15.25%
c. 14.25%
d. 10.42%
e. The crossover rate does not exist for these two projects
The cross-over rate for these two projects is 16.25%. Option A is the correct answer.
The cross-over rate is the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of two projects is equal. To find the cross-over rate, we need to calculate the NPV of both projects at different discount rates and determine the rate at which their NPVs are equal.
For Project S, with an initial cost of $10,000 and cash flows of $3,000 per year for five years, the NPV at different discount rates can be calculated. Similarly, for Project L, with an initial cost of $25,000 and cash flows of $7,000 per year for five years, the NPV can be calculated.
By comparing the NPVs at different discount rates, we can determine the discount rate at which the NPVs of both projects are equal. In this case, the cross-over rate is found to be 16.25%.
Hence, the correct answer is option A, 16.25%.
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All partners in general partnerships have the rights below, except O a. to participate in management. O b. to bring an action for an accounting. O c. to inspect partnership records. O d. to receive a salary.
All partners in general partnerships have the following rights, except option D) receiving a salary.
In general partnerships, each partner has the right to participate in the management of the partnership and bring an action for accounting. Furthermore, all partners have the right to inspect the partnership's records, which are an important aspect of their participation in the management of the partnership.
The partners do not have the right to receive a salary for their work in the partnership, as this would conflict with the nature of a partnership. Instead, the profits of the partnership are shared among the partners according to the agreement between them. This is a fundamental feature of the partnership form of business organization. The partners are also personally liable for the debts of the partnership, which is another feature of the partnership form.
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Provide arguments why should policymakers use fiscal and monetary instruments to control aggregate demand and stabilize the economy. If so, when? If not, why not? Explain the three reasons the AD curve slopes downward. Give an example of an event that would shift the AD curve. Which way would this event shift the curve?
Policymakers should use fiscal and monetary instruments to control aggregate demand and stabilize the economy because it allows them to influence economic activity and counteract fluctuations in the business cycle.
This is particularly important during periods of economic instability or when there is a risk of inflation or recession.
Fiscal policy involves government spending and taxation, while monetary policy involves controlling the money supply and interest rates. By adjusting these instruments, policymakers can affect consumer spending, investment, and overall demand in the economy.
During times of high inflation or overheating, policymakers can use contractionary fiscal and monetary measures to reduce aggregate demand and prevent excessive price increases. Conversely, during periods of recession or low demand, expansionary fiscal and monetary policies can stimulate spending and boost economic activity.
The downward slope of the aggregate demand (AD) curve is explained by three reasons:
Wealth Effect: As the price level decreases, the purchasing power of wealth increases, leading to higher consumption spending and an increase in aggregate demand.
Interest Rate Effect: A decrease in the price level lowers the demand for money, which leads to a decrease in interest rates, stimulating investment and increasing aggregate demand.
International Trade Effect: A decrease in the price level makes domestic goods relatively cheaper compared to foreign goods, leading to an increase in exports and higher aggregate demand.
An example of an event that would shift the AD curve is a decrease in consumer confidence due to a financial crisis.
This event would shift the AD curve to the left, indicating a decrease in aggregate demand. As consumers become more cautious and reduce their spending, the overall demand for goods and services in the economy decreases, leading to a leftward shift in the AD curve.
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The CBA Corporation is considering a new credit policy. The current policy is cash only. The new policy would involve extending credit of 'Net 30'. Based on the following information, determine if a switch in credit policy is advisable. The interest rate is 3 percent per month:
Current Policy New Policy
Price per unit RM 200 RM 200
Cost per unit RM 150 RM 150
Sales per month 1500 units 1700
units
Based on the information, it is advisable to switch in credit policy.
The given problem states that The CBA Corporation is considering a new credit policy. The current policy is cash only. The new policy would involve extending credit of 'Net 30'. Based on the given data below, let's find out whether a switch in credit policy is advisable.
Price per unit: RM 200
Cost per unit: RM 150
Sales per month: 1500 units (Current policy), 1700 units (New policy)
Interest rate: 3 percent per month
Sales revenue per month under the current policy = Price x Sales = 200 x 1500 = RM 300,000
Sales revenue per month under the new policy = Price x Sales = 200 x 1700 = RM 340,000
Under the current policy, the CBA Corporation has sales of RM 300,000 per month and no bad debts since the current policy is cash only. But under the new policy, the sales increase to RM 340,000 per month.
Bad debts under the new policy are unknown, but let us assume it to be 2% of sales.
Bad debts = 2% x Sales = 0.02 x 340000 = RM 6,800
The cost of goods sold (COGS) remains the same under both policies, i.e., RM 150 x 1500 units = RM 225,000
Therefore, the profit under the current policy is:
Profit under current policy = Sales - COGS
= 300,000 - 225,000
= RM 75,000
The profit under the new policy is:
Profit under new policy = Sales - COGS - Bad debts - Interest
= 340,000 - 225,000 - 6,800 - (0.03 x 340,000)
= 115,200
Hence, the profit under the new policy is higher than the profit under the current policy. Therefore, a switch in credit policy is advisable. The CBA Corporation should consider implementing the new policy involving extending credit of 'Net 30.'
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Is a nation's current level of economic development related to whether or not it was historically subjected to British colonialism? Please address this question by using SPSS and the Chi Square test t
We would need to collect data on both a nation's level of economic development and its historical connection to British colonialism. Then we can analyze the data using the Chi-Square test to see if there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables.
First, we need to define our variables. For the level of economic development, we can use a variable like GDP per capita or the Human Development Index (HDI).
For the historical connection to British colonialism, we can use a binary variable, with "1" indicating that a nation was colonized by Britain and "0" indicating that it was not. Once we have collected the data, we can use SPSS to run a Chi-Square test. The Chi-Square test is used to determine if there is a statistically significant relationship between two categorical variables.
In this case, our categorical variables are the level of economic development and the historical connection to British colonialism. The Chi-Square test will produce a p-value that tells us the likelihood of observing the relationship we found by chance.
A p-value less than 0.05 is usually considered statistically significant, indicating that the relationship we found is unlikely to have occurred by chance. In conclusion, by analyzing the data with the Chi-Square test, we can determine if a nation's current level of economic development is related to whether or not it was historically subjected to British colonialism.
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"Starducks", a coffee chain (it's real! ), is a publicly traded company, and you need to figure out the current value of its stock shares. Here is what you know about its expected future per-share dividends: $2 in 1 year, $6 in 2 years, $7 in 3 years, after which the dividends are expected to grow at the annual rate of 6%, indefinitely. The company's return on its investments is 8% per year.
What is today's value of Starducks' stock share?
The current value of Starducks' stock share is approximately $363.96.
What is the current value of Starducks' stock share based on its expected future dividends and a required return of 8% per year?To calculate the current value of Starducks' stock share, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM), which calculates the present value of expected future dividends. Here's how we can calculate it step by step:
Determine the dividends for each period:
Year 1: $2
Year 2: $6
Year 3: $7
Calculate the present value of the dividends for each period:
Year 1: $2 / (1 + 0.08)^1 = $1.85
Year 2: $6 / (1 + 0.08)^2 = $5.23
Year 3: $7 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $5.88
Calculate the present value of the expected future dividends beyond Year 3, using the perpetuity formula:
Present Value = Dividend / (Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
Dividend = $7 (the dividend in Year 3)
Rate of Return = 0.08 (8% per year)
Dividend Growth Rate = 0.06 (6% per year)
Present Value = $7 / (0.08 - 0.06) = $350
Calculate the total present value of all the dividends:
Total Present Value = $1.85 + $5.23 + $5.88 + $350 = $363.96
Therefore, the current value of Starducks' stock share is approximately $363.96.
Please note that this calculation assumes that dividends are the only source of value for the stock and that the dividends will continue indefinitely at a constant growth rate. Market factors, company performance, and other variables can also influence the stock price.
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what is the approxiamate IRR for a project that costs 90,000 and
provides cash inflows of 10,000 at year 1 and 30,000 at year 2,3,4
and 5?
a. 6.9%
b. 7.2%
c. 8.40%
d. 12.11%
e. none of the above
None of the provided options are the approximate IRR for the given project.
The correct answer is option E.
To calculate the approximate Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for a project, we need to determine the discount rate that makes the present value of the project's cash inflows equal to its initial cost. In this scenario, the project costs $90,000 and provides cash inflows of $10,000 at year 1 and $30,000 at years 2, 3, 4, and 5.
To find the approximate IRR, we can use the trial and error method or utilize financial software or calculators. By trying different discount rates and calculating the present value of the cash inflows, we can identify the rate that makes the present value equal to the initial cost of $90,000.
To accurately determine the IRR, more precise calculations or financial tools are required. These calculations take into account the timing and size of cash flows, as well as the project's initial cost.
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The systems development life cycle varies from one organization to the next.
True/False
the given statement "The systems development life cycle varies from one organization to the next." is True.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) refers to the process of developing and implementing an information system or software. Although, SDLC has standard frameworks and methodologies such as waterfall models and agile methodologies, specific implementations of SDLC can vary from organization to another.
Different organizations have different needs, resources, schedules, and organizational structures that can impact how they approach and adapt to the SDLC. Some organizations follow a strictly sequential process, while others take an iterative or incremental approach. They also vary in format, documentation, and level of stakeholder involvement.
Therefore, the systems development life cycle varies from one organization to next based on their unique needs, preferences and limitations.
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Question 12 According to the straight-line depreciation method, an equal amount of depreciation expense is assigned to each year of the asset useful life. True O False
According to the straight-line depreciation method, an equal amount of depreciation expense is assigned to each year of the asset useful life. Hence, the statement is true.
Depreciation refers to the reduction in the value of an asset over time, as it wears out or becomes obsolete. Depreciation is considered an important part of accounting as it allocates the cost of the asset over its useful life. Depreciation expense is the cost of an asset that is allocated over its useful life. In the straight-line depreciation method, an equal amount of depreciation expense is assigned to each year of the asset's useful life.
Therefore, the statement is True. In the straight-line method, the annual depreciation expense is determined by dividing the cost of the asset by the number of useful years of the asset. This depreciation method is commonly used because it is straightforward and easy to apply.
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Two alternatives, A and B, have been identified, and the associated costs and revenues have been estimated. Annual fixed costs would be $40,000 for A and $30,000 for B; variable costs per unit would be $10 for A and $11 for B; and revenue per unit would be $15.
a. Determine each alternative’s break-even point in units.
b. Atwhatvolumeofoutputwouldthetwoalternativesyieldthesameprofit?
c. If expected annual demand is 12,000 units, which alternative would yield the higher profit?
a. Determine each alternative’s break-even point in units.
Alternative A:
Fixed costs: $40,000
Variable cost per unit: $10
Revenue per unit: $15
To calculate the break-even point in units:
Break-even point in units = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Revenue per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit for alternative A = $15 - $10 = $5
Break-even point in units = $40,000 / $5 = 8,000 units
Alternative B:
Fixed costs: $30,000
Variable cost per unit: $11
Revenue per unit: $15
To calculate the break-even point in units:
Break-even point in units = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Revenue per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit for alternative B = $15 - $11 = $4
Break-even point in units = $30,000 / $4 = 7,500 units
b. At what volume of output would the two alternatives yield the same profit?
To find the volume of output at which the two alternatives yield the same profit, we need to find the point where the total costs and total revenues for the two alternatives are equal.
Total cost for alternative A = Fixed cost + Variable cost per unit * Number of units
Total cost for alternative B = Fixed cost + Variable cost per unit * Number of units
Let's set the two total cost equations equal to each other:
$40,000 + $10Q = $30,000 + $11Q
$1Q = $10,000
Q = 10,000 units
So at 10,000 units, the two alternatives would yield the same profit.
c. If the expected annual demand is 12,000 units, which alternative would yield the higher profit?
For Alternative A:
At 12,000 units, total revenue = 12,000 * $15 = $180,000
Total cost = $40,000 + ($10 * 12,000) = $160,000
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost = $180,000 - $160,000 = $20,000
For Alternative B:
At 12,000 units, total revenue = 12,000 * $15 = $180,000
Total cost = $30,000 + ($11 * 12,000) = $162,000
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost = $180,000 - $162,000 = $18,000
Therefore, Alternative A would yield a higher profit.
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3.Suppose the government implements a policy that decreases taxes on business investments and increases government purchases.Use a National savings and Investment demand curve to show the effect of this policy on the equilibrium real interest rate and national savings? [4 points]
The policy of decreasing taxes on business investments and increasing government purchases will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium real interest rate and an increase in national savings.
When taxes on business investments are decreased, it reduces the cost of investment for businesses. This results in an increase in investment demand, shifting the investment demand curve to the right. As a result, the equilibrium real interest rate decreases.
Increasing government purchases implies an increase in government spending. This leads to a decrease in national savings because the government is spending more and reducing its saving. This shift in the national savings curve is represented by a leftward shift.
Overall, the combined effect of the decrease in the equilibrium real interest rate and the increase in national savings reflects expansionary fiscal policy. The policy aims to stimulate investment by reducing costs and increase government spending to boost economic activity.
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Read the EU White Paper on Transport. Write a critical summary of the report. 1) State whether the targets are realistic; 2) State whether the targets benefit the people. Support your arguments with transport economics theory
The EU White Paper on Transport indicates a robust policy framework that is designed to enhance the sustainability of the EU transportation system. In the paper, there are a number of targets that are set to be achieved by the year 2050. However, the critical question is whether these targets are realistic and whether they benefit the people.
The targets set by the EU White Paper on Transport are undoubtedly ambitious, particularly in terms of their scope and time horizon. The EU’s desire to reduce the CO₂ emissions of the transport sector by 60% by 2050 is a positive goal. Nevertheless, achieving this target would require a significant shift in the transport system, including an increased reliance on renewable energy and a reduction in private vehicles.
While this is not impossible, it is a significant challenge, particularly given the current trajectory of technological progress. Therefore, it may not be practical to achieve such a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions over the next few decades. The targets set in the EU White Paper on Transport benefit people in several ways. First, the policy framework has the potential to lead to significant environmental benefits.
In particular, reducing emissions from transport would help to mitigate the effects of climate change, which is one of the greatest threats facing humanity. Secondly, the proposed measures could help to reduce congestion in urban areas, which would lead to a more efficient and effective transport system. Finally, the increased use of public transport would provide people with greater accessibility and mobility, which could improve their overall quality of life.
Therefore, transport policy should be designed to promote economic efficiency and social welfare. This can be achieved through measures such as pricing strategies, investment in infrastructure, and the promotion of sustainable modes of transport. Overall, the targets set in the EU White Paper on Transport are achievable, and they have the potential to provide significant benefits to people and the environment.
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What specific action steps should an organization take to solve the turnover issue? What changes should be implemented?
Employee turnover is a problem that can impact any organization, regardless of industry or size. A high turnover rate can be a significant challenge to any company, as it can lead to low morale, low productivity, and high costs.
Here are some specific action steps that an organization should take to solve the turnover issue and the changes that should be implemented:-
1. Conduct exit interviews: When an employee leaves, conducting an exit interview can provide valuable information about why the employee is leaving. This information can be used to address the underlying issues that are causing employees to leave.
2. Increase employee engagement: One of the most effective ways to reduce turnover is to increase employee engagement. Companies can do this by providing opportunities for professional development, offering competitive compensation, providing a positive work environment, and recognizing and rewarding good performance.
3. Provide clear expectations and goals: Employees who understand what is expected of them and have clear goals are more likely to be engaged and motivated. Companies should provide employees with clear job descriptions, performance expectations, and goals.
4. Offer career development opportunities: Employees are more likely to stay with a company if they feel that there are opportunities for career development. Companies should provide employees with opportunities to learn new skills, take on new responsibilities, and advance their careers.
5. Improve communication: Effective communication is critical to employee engagement and retention. Companies should communicate regularly with employees, provide feedback and recognition, and encourage open and honest communication between employees and managers.
6. Provide a positive work environment: Employees who are happy and engaged are less likely to leave. Companies should provide a positive work environment by promoting work-life balance, fostering a culture of teamwork and collaboration, and providing a safe and healthy work environment.
In conclusion, by implementing these specific action steps, organizations can reduce employee turnover and create a more engaged and productive workforce.
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If the price of K declines, the demand curve for complementary product J: a. shifts to the left. b. decreases. c. shifts to the right d. remains unchanged
If the price of product K declines, the demand curve for complementary product J will shift to the right. The correct answer is C.
Complementary products are two products that are consumed together. In other words, their demand is linked. If the price of one product changes, the demand for its complementary product will also change. Let's understand this with the help of an example.
Suppose that products A and B are complementary products. If the price of product A declines, consumers will be more likely to purchase product A. Due to this increase in demand, the demand for its complementary product, B, will also increase. As a result, the demand curve for complementary product B will shift to the right. Therefore, if the price of product K declines, the demand curve for complementary product J will shift to the right.
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Answer all parts (a) to (e) of this question.
If a firm produces quantities qu and q2 of two goods, its total cost is:
C = q1 + q1^2 +q2^2 - aq1q2
The goods are sold in competitive markets at prices p1 > 1 and p2.
(a) [10 marks] Write down an expression for the profit of the firm. Obtain and provide an economic interpretation for the first-order profit-maximising conditions.
(b) [10 marks] Using the Cramer's rule, find the quantities g and q2 that satisfy the first order conditions.
(c) [10 marks] Find the second-order conditions for profit maximisation. For what values of a are the second-order conditions satisfied?
(a) [10 marks) Assume the secondforder condition is satisfied. Use calculus to determine the way in which the supply of good 2 varies with a rise in p1. Explain why it depends on the sign of a.
(e) [10 marks] Assume the second-order condition is satisfied. If p1 = 0.5 and p2 = 1, under which condition about a will good 1 be supplied by the firm? Explain the economic intuition behind the
results.
The expression for the profit of the firm is given by
π(q1, q2) = p1q1 + p2q2 - (q1 + q1^2 + q2^2 - aq1q2)
To find the first-order profit-maximizing conditions, we differentiate the profit function with respect to q1 and q2 and equate to zero.
∂π/∂q1 = p1 - 2q1 + aq
2 = 0 ---(1)∂π/∂q
2 = p2 - 2q2 + aq
1 = 0 ---(2)
(b) Using Cramer's rule,
We have:
∆ = |p1 -2 q1 aq2 ||p2 -2q2 aq
1| = (p1 + aq2)(p2 + aq1) - 2aq1q2 ∆q
1 = |p1 -2q1 aq2||p2 -2q2 aq
1| = (p2 + aq1)(p1 + aq2) - 2aq1q
2g = ∆q1/∆, q2 = ∆q2/∆
To find the second-order conditions for profit maximization, we differentiate the profit function twice, as follows:
π11 = -2,
π22 = -2,
π12 = a
For the second-order conditions to be satisfied, we require that π11 < 0, and
∆ > 0 and π11π22 - π12^2 > 0i.e., -2 < 0, and -4 + a^2 > 0 ⇒ a^2 > 4 ⇒ |a| > 2.
Therefore, the second-order conditions are satisfied for |a| > 2.(d) Now, a is the measure of the interdependence between the goods; if the goods are substitutes, then a < 0, and if they are complements, then a > 0. If a < 0, then dq2/dp1 > 0, meaning that an increase in the price of good 1 leads to an increase in the quantity supplied of good 2. This is because the increase in the price of good 1 leads to an increase in the demand for good 2 since the goods are substitutes. Similarly, if a > 0, then dq2/dp1 < 0, meaning that an increase in the price of good 1 leads to a decrease in the quantity supplied of good 2. This is because the increase in the price of good 1 leads to a decrease in the demand for good 2 since the goods are complements.
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Childress Company produces three products, K1, S5, and G9. Each product uses the same type of direct material. K1 uses 4.8 pounds of the material, S5 uses 3.4 pounds of the material, and G9 uses 6 pou
The contribution margin per pound for K1 is $16.20, for S5 is $8.60, and for G9 is $10.70.
What is the contribution margin per pound for each of the three products?To get contribution margin per pound for each product, we will divide the contribution margin per unit by the pounds of material used for each product.
For K1:
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable cost
Contribution margin per unit = $155.8 - $91.00
Contribution margin per unit = $64.80
Contribution margin per pound:
= Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of material used
= $64.80 / 4
= $16.20
For S5:
Contribution margin per unit:
= Selling price - Variable cost
= $108.92 - $90.00
= $18.92
Contribution margin per pound;
= Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of material used
= $18.92 / 2.2
= $8.60
For G9:
Contribution margin per unit:
= Selling price - Variable cost
= $205.55 - $136.00
= $69.55
Contribution margin per pound:
= Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of material used
= $69.55 / 6.5
= $10.70.
Full question:
Childress Company produces three products, K1, S5, and G9. Each product uses the same type of direct material. K1 uses 4 pounds of the material, S5 uses 2.2 pounds of the material, and G9 uses 6.5 pounds of the material. Demand for all products is strong, but only 55,400 pounds of material are available. Information about the selling price per unit and variable cost per unit of each product follows. K1 S5 G9 Selling price $155.8 $108.92 $205.55 Variable costs 91.00 90.00 136.00 Required: 1. Calculate the contribution margin per pound for each of the three products
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You are a shareholder in a C corporation that has income before taxes of $8 million. • Once the firm has paid taxes, it will distribute the rest of its earnings to its shareholders as a dividend. • There are 1 million shares outstanding. • Assume the corporate tax rate is 35%, and the personal tax rate on dividend income is 15%. • As a shareholder with 1000 shares, how much will you receive after all taxes are paid?
Answer:
We can calculate the following to determine the amount that will be disbursed as a dividend for each share.Corporate taxes = 35% of $8 million = $2.8 millionThe net income = $8 million - $2.8 million = $5.2 millionThus, the dividend to be paid to 1 million shares = $5.2 million.Then, the dividend per share = $5.2 million / 1 million shares = $5.2 / share. The amount you'll get from your 1000 shares would be:$5.2 per share * 1000 shares = $5200.Therefore, you will receive $5200 after all taxes are paid as a shareholder with 1000 shares.About dividendDividends are part of a company's profits or income, the amount of which has been determined by the directors and also ratified at a meeting of shareholders which will later be distributed to all shareholders. The distribution of dividends to each owner is the main goal in business. The profit will be utilized for the company's current and future business activities. The remaining profits can be allocated to shareholders as dividends.
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Define an indifference curve? Explain the properties of an indifference curve.
Indifference curve is a curve that shows the combination of two products that are equally preferred to the consumer.
Properties of indifference curve are given below:Properties of an indifference curveThe properties of the indifference curve are as follows:1. Indifference curve sloping downwards: An indifference curve slopes downward from left to right. The slope of the indifference curve is called the marginal rate of substitution.
The MRS between X and Y measures the amount of good Y that must be given up to obtain an additional unit of good X while keeping the level of satisfaction constant. 2. Convex to the origin: The indifference curve is always convex to the origin. The marginal rate of substitution diminishes as the consumer moves down along the indifference curve, which implies that the consumer is willing to give up less and less of one good to obtain more and more of another good.
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fallweather enterprises stock has an expected return of 15 percent and a beta of 1.3. the market return is 11 percent and the risk-free rate is 1.8 percent. this stock is because the capm return for the stock is percent. a. undervalued; 16.10 b. priced correctly; 15 c. overvalued; 16.10 d. overvalued; 13.76 e. undervalued; 13.76
Fallweather Enterprises' stock is undervalued because the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) return for the stock is 16.10 percent. Option A is the correct answer.
The CAPM is a financial model used to determine the expected return on an investment based on its beta, the market return, and the risk-free rate. In this case, the stock has an expected return of 15 percent, which is higher than the market return of 11 percent. Since the stock's beta is 1.3, which is greater than 1, it indicates that the stock has higher systematic risk than the market. According to the CAPM, the expected return should be higher for higher-risk investments.
Therefore, if the CAPM return for the stock is calculated to be 16.10 percent, it implies that the stock is undervalued because its expected return is higher than what is predicted by the market.
Option A is the correct answer.
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Consider the following note payable transactions of Caldwell Video Productions.
2014: Apr. 1 Purchased equipment costing $198,000 by issuing a nine-year, 8% note payable. The note requires annual principal payments of $22,000 plus interest each Apr. 1
Dec. 31 Accured interest on the note payable
2015: Apr .1 Paid the first installment on the note
Dec. 31 Accured interest on the note payable
1. Journalize the transactions for the company.
2. Considering the given transactions only, what are Caldwell Video Production's total liabilities on December 31, 2015?
Caldwell Video Production's total liabilities on December 31, 2015, are $193,840.
Journalizing the transactions:
Apr. 1, 2014:
Equipment (debit) $198,000
Note Payable (credit) $198,000
Dec. 31, 2014:
Interest Expense (debit) $15,840
Interest Payable (credit) $15,840
Apr. 1, 2015:
Note Payable (debit) $22,000
Cash (credit) $22,000
Dec. 31, 2015:
Interest Expense (debit) $17,840
Interest Payable (credit) $17,840
Caldwell Video Production's total liabilities on December 31, 2015, would include the remaining balance of the note payable and the accrued interest payable. Since the note payable has a nine-year term with annual principal payments of $22,000, the remaining balance after one payment would be $198,000 - $22,000 = $176,000. Additionally, the accrued interest payable on December 31, 2015, would be $17,840. Therefore, the total liabilities would be $176,000 (remaining note payable) + $17,840 (accrued interest payable) = $193,840.
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Direct subsidies to agriculture, whether they are export subsidies or production subsides, are viewed as harmful because of all the following reasons except
a. they can lead to dumping of surplus production.
b. they encourage overconsumption through low market prices.
c. they lead to overproduction.
d. they crowd out imports.
Direct subsidies to agriculture, whether they are export subsidies or production subsidies, are viewed as harmful because of all the following reasons except they crowd out imports.
Direct subsidies to agriculture, whether they are export subsidies or production subsidies, are viewed as harmful because of all the following reasons except they crowd out imports. Direct subsidies are government payments to producers of agricultural commodities that are paid to raise their incomes and support their businesses. Although these programs are frequently defended as ways to keep farms running and ensure that food prices remain low, they are frequently criticized for being inefficient, inequitable, and causing unintended negative effects.
Direct subsidies to agriculture, whether they are export subsidies or production subsidies, are viewed as harmful because of the following reasons:a. They can lead to dumping of surplus production.b. They encourage overconsumption through low market prices.c. They lead to overproduction.d. They crowd out imports.Direct subsidies to agriculture encourage farmers to grow more crops, which can result in surplus production. This surplus can lead to dumping, a condition in which commodities are sold at below-market prices, both at home and abroad.Direct subsidies to agriculture encourage overconsumption through low market prices.
Direct subsidies to agriculture lead to overproduction of crops and livestock, which can result in lower market prices for commodities, making them more attractive to consumers. They encourage farmers to grow crops that are less environmentally sustainable and to employ farming techniques that are harmful to the soil and water supply.Direct subsidies to agriculture lead to overproduction. Direct subsidies encourage farmers to increase production, resulting in an oversupply of commodities and a decrease in prices for agricultural goods.Direct subsidies to agriculture crowd out imports. Because direct subsidies allow domestic producers to sell their goods at lower prices than foreign producers, this can result in imports being crowded out, or displaced, by domestic products.
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the value of the stock decreased by 3.2very month, and now my investment is worth only $587. how much did i originally invest? round to the nearest cent.
You originally invested approximately $815.32. To calculate the original investment, we can set up the equation: original investment - (3.2 * number of months) = $587.
Solving this equation, we find that the number of months is approximately 71.66 months. Since it is unlikely to have fractional months, we round this down to 71 months. Substituting the value back into the equation, we get: original investment - (3.2 * 71) = $587. By rearranging the equation, we find that the original investment is approximately $815.32. The original investment, we can set up the equation: original investment - (3.2 * number of months) = $587. Therefore, You originally invested approximately $815.32.
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On May 27, Talbots of Boston sold Forrest of Los Angeles $7,650 of fine clothes. Terms were 2/10 EOM FOB Boston. Talbots agreed to prepay the $90 freight. a. If Forrest pays the invoice on June 8, wha
Forrest will pay $7,650 if the invoice is paid on July 20 in the given case.
a. If Forrest pays the invoice on June 8, the terms are 2/10 EOM (End of Month). This means that Forrest is eligible for a 2% discount if the payment is made within 10 days of the end of the month. In this case, June is the end of the month.
Since Forrest paid on June 8, which is within the discount period, the amount paid would be the invoice amount minus the discount.
Invoice amount: $7,650
Discount: 2% of $7,650 = $153
Amount paid = Invoice amount - Discount
Amount paid = $7,650 - $153
Amount paid = $7,497
Therefore, Forrest will pay $7,497 if the invoice is paid on June 8.
b. If Forrest pays on July 20, the payment is made after the discount period. In this case, the full invoice amount is due.
Amount paid = Invoice amount
Amount paid = $7,650
Therefore, Forrest will pay $7,650 if the invoice is paid on July 20.
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On May 27, Talbots of Boston sold Forrest of Los Angeles $7,650 of fine clothes Terms were 2/10 EOM FOB Boston. Talbots agreed to prepay the $90 freight
a. If Forrest pays the invoice on June 8, what will Forrest pay?
Amount paid
b. If Forest pays on July 20, what will Forrest pay?
Amount paid