Answer: Dinosaurs and Birds are most closely related to primates. This is the reason why phylogenetic trees are also known as evolutionary trees.
Explanation: A branching diagram or tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among distinct biological species or other entities based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic traits is known as a phylogenetic tree (sometimes referred to as an evolutionary tree or phylogeny). One evolutionary tree represents all life on Earth and shows their shared ancestry. The century-old debate about the origin of birds has been resolved by the abundance of fossilized early birds and their closest relatives. The evolution of birds from the maniraptoran theropod dinosaur group has now been conclusively proven. Birds' bones resemble those of several maniraptoran species. Numerous fossils have demonstrated that maniraptorans laid eggs that resembled those of birds and that they also resembled birds in terms of egg-laying behavior. These justifications demonstrate how closely connected they are.
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Considering the phylogenetic tree, The pair of organisms that are most closely related to primates are rodents and rabbits.
Even though all of the organisms on the list are vertebrates, rodents and rabbits are the closest relatives of primates. Compared to reptiles, amphibians, dinosaurs, and birds, these animals (primates, rodents, and rabbits) share a recent common ancestor.
The body structures of primates, rabbits, and rodents are somewhat comparable in some ways. The characteristics of primate bones match those of rodents, rabbits, flying lemurs, tree shrews, and other animals. Both rodents and primates have two long fingers and upper teeth that are shaped like can openers.
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What are the 2 main processes that occur during meiosis?
Meiosis generates diversity through two events: recombination and chromosome segregation.
Recombination is the process by which pieces of DNA are broken down and recombined to create new combinations of alleles. This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the gene level that reflects DNA sequence differences between organisms.
One of the most important processes in cell division is chromosome segregation, the division of genetic material into her two daughter cells. The mitotic spindle, a microtubule-based self-organizing intracellular structure found in all eukaryotes, is involved in chromosome segregation. Haploid gametogenesis requires precise chromosome segregation during meiosis. Improper chromosome segregation results in the formation of unbalanced gametes and aneuploid or polyploid offspring.
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How do I know if I have a recessive blue eye gene?
The colour blue will always be recessive. If both parents have the blue allele, the child is likely to have blue eyes. If one parent has green eyes and the other has blue eyes, your child will almost certainly have green eyes because green is dominant over blue.
Which parent influences eye color?Each parent will give their child one copy of their eye color gene. In this case, mother will pass B and father will always pass b. This means that all of their children will be Bb with brown eyes. Each child will exhibit the dominant trait of their mother.
What is the most recessive eye color?The dominant allele for brown eyes is always dominant over the other two alleles, and the dominant allele for green eyes is always dominant over the recessive allele for blue eyes.
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How do clams move without a brain?
Clams do not have a centralized brain but they do possess a nervous system with a few nerve cells that regulate their movement and other body functions as well.
Clams are the animals that belong to the phylum Mollusca. They possess two valves and hence are also called bivalves. Some species of clams are edible as well. The clams are found inside the oceans on the sandy floor of the water.
Brain is the centralized organ of the nervous system found in various organisms like vertebrates. It is responsible for the regulation of the functions and activities of the organism's body.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. typically, methylation of nucleosome n-terminal tails leads to ________.
Methylation of nucleosome n-terminal tails typically leads to transcriptional repression.
What is methylation?Methylation is a chemical modification that involves the addition of a methyl group (-CH3) to a molecule. In the case of nucleosomes, the n-terminal tails are proteins that extend from the nucleosome and are involved in regulating gene expression.
Methylation of these tails can prevent transcription factors from binding to DNA and activating transcription, resulting in transcriptional repression. This process is important for controlling gene expression and maintaining genomic stability.
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What is an allergic reaction ?
Answer:
Allergies are your body’s reaction to a substance it views as a harmful
Explanation:
“invader.” For example, coming into contact with what is normally a harmless substance, such as pollen, might cause your immune system (your body’s defense system) to react. Substances that cause these reactions are called allergens.
Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from the irreversible binding of gdp to the g protein? responses
Increased intracellular glycogen concentration is the most likely outcome of GDP's irreversible binding to the G protein.
G proteins, sometimes referred to as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that function as molecular switches within cells, relaying signals from a range of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. The G protein is made inactive when GDP binds to it in an irreversible manner. GTP initiates the protein by switching the GDP, and the G protein subsequently releases its signal. The non-response to norepinephrine binding and to the beta-adrenergic receptor, which prevents the G protein alpha subunit from being separated, causes a rise in the intracellular concentration of glycogen.
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which component of dna replication only occurs on the lagging strand of dna and not on the leading strand?
On the leading strand, DNA synthesis occurs continuously. On the lagging strand, DNA synthesis restarts many times as the helix unwinds, resulting in many short fragments called “Okazaki fragments.”
What is the basic principle of gene regulation?
Only a subset of a cell's genes are expressed or turned on. The phrase "expresses" or "turns on" indicates that that gene is creating protein. Gene regulation is the process of turning genes on and off.
A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes for a specific protein. DNA is the information database of the cell and is contained within the cell nucleus. It carries all of the crucial genetic instructions for generating the proteins that our cells require.
Each gene contains a unique collection of instructions, which are normally encoded and used for a certain function or protein.
Gene expression is the process by which the genetic blueprints of genes are employed to manage the protein synthesis required by our bodies to form cell structures. Structural genes are those that carry information essential for amino acid sequences. This procedure consists of two crucial steps:
Transcription- The messenger RNA is created in this phase with the help of RNA polymerase enzymes, culminating in the processing of mRNA molecules.
Translation- The primary purpose of mRNA is to direct protein synthesis, which results in post-translational modification of the protein molecules.
During gene expression, genetic codes from the DNA code are translated and transcriptionally transformed into proteins. The process of an organism's genetic makeup as physical features is depicted through genetic expression. The information travels from genes to proteins throughout this process.
Gene regulation differs depending on whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Eukaryotes include both multicellular and unicellular species such as mammals, fungi, plants, and protists that have cells with nuclei and other organelles. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that, like bacteria, lack a well-defined nucleus. Because eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus and prokaryotes have not, the regulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription is fundamentally different.
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All somatic motor neurons produce __________.
Only acetylcholine. In addition to acting as a transmitter for the parasympathetic and somatic motor systems, acetylcholine (Ach) also has significant central nervous system effects.
At their connections with skeletal muscle fibers, all somatic motor neurons produce acetylcholine (ACh). The result is always excitatory, and the muscle fibers contract if the stimulation hits the threshold. At neuromuscular junctions, somatic motor neurons use the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to activate skeletal muscle fibers. In addition to controlling the body's voluntary motions, the somatic nervous system is also responsible charge of reflexes, a particular class of involuntary muscle reactions that are regulated by a cerebral pathway known as the reflex arc.
The complete question is:
All somatic motor neurons produce __________.
both epinephrine and norepinephrine
only norepinephrine
only acetylcholine
both acetylcholine and norepinephrine
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How many genes make up the human genome four adenine thymine guanine?
Genes are the hereditary units, which are present in the coded segments of the DNA. Genes carry the information from parent to daughter cells.
There are 20,000 to 25,000 genes that make up the human genome.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. It started in 1990 and was completed in 2003.
It remains the world's largest collaborative biological project. Planning started after the idea was picked up in 1984 by the US government, the project formally launched in 1990, and was declared essentially complete on April 14, 2003, but included only about 85% of the genome.
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farmers on the great plains began to lose their crops during the depression because
a. the soil lost its fertility.
b. a fungus depleted the soil of nutrients. c. frequent rains eroded the soil.
d. a terrible drought dried the soil.
Option c
Farmers on the great plains began to lose their crops during depression because frequent rains eroded the soil.this occurs during the onset. Due to frequent rains the first the soil lose its fertility and slowly the soil was washed away.this leads to devastation and dust forms.
Without fertility and no proper soil it is difficult farmers to grow the crops.without the rooted plants which helps in holding the soil the farmers lose their crops.when the soil is eroded the leftover is dust and during windy days it forms the dust storms.this erosion of soil due to frequent rains effects the farmers both economically and commercially.
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the uterus is a hollow, ________-shaped, muscular organ located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity, between the sacrum and the symphysis pubis, above the bladder and in front of the rectum.
Answer: Peared
Explanation: The uterus, also known as the womb, is a hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvis between the bladder and rectum of individuals who are assigned female at birth. This pear-shaped organ plays a role in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth.
The lining of the uterus (endometrium) is the source of the blood and tissue shed each month during menstruation. After an egg released from an ovary has been fertilized, the resulting embryo implants in the uterus and fetal development begins.
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During which meiotic phase do cells become haploid?
Answer:
During meiosis, the process by which cells divide to form reproductive cells, cells become haploid in the second meiotic phase, also known as meiosis II. This phase follows the first meiotic phase, or meiosis I, during which the chromosomes in the cell are divided into two sets of homologous chromosomes. Meiosis II then involves the further division of these homologous chromosomes, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells, each with a unique combination of chromosomes.
During meiosis II, the cells undergo two rounds of cell division, known as anaphase I and anaphase II. In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes that were separated during meiosis I are further divided, with one member of each pair moving to opposite poles of the cell. In anaphase II, the sister chromatids that were formed during meiosis I are separated, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells.
The formation of haploid cells during meiosis is important because it allows for the formation of genetically diverse offspring. By combining different combinations of chromosomes from each parent, the haploid cells produced during meiosis II provide the basis for the unique genetic makeup of each individual
Telophase II meiotic phase cells become haploid, DNA copied during the S phase just before meiosis.
What is the meiotic phase?The parent cell contains 92 chromosomes following the S phase since human cells typically have 46 chromosomes. The sister chromatids split during meiosis II, creating haploid cells with non-duplicate chromosomes.
Even though these cells are haploid and only have one chromosome from each homologous pair, they nonetheless have two sister chromatids.
Cells in the male or female sex organs go through one round of DNA replication before meiosis starts. Meiosis I and meiosis II, the two meiotic divisions, each have a number of stages. Meiosis I is a special kind of cell division that only occurs in germ cells, whereas meiosis II resembles mitosis.
Therefore, telophase II meiotic phase cells become haploid.
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The genetic material is duplicated during which stage of the cell cycle?a. the G phaseb. the S phasec. metaphase of mitosisd. cytokinesis
The cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, and genetic material are duplicated during the G1 phase (Gap 1).
The process by which a cell prepares for cellular division is known as the cell cycle. The G1 phase, the S phase, the G2 phase, and the M phase are the four phases of the cell cycle.
The cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and produces the molecular building blocks it will require in subsequent steps during the G1 phase, also known as the first gap phase. Cells accomplish the majority of their growth in G1; They produce proteins and organelles, which are necessary for normal DNA synthesis, as they grow in size. Proteins and RNAs are made here, and the centromere and other centrosome components are made here as well.
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What are the elements of a traditional poem?
Meter, rhyme, scheme, verse, and stanza are the elements of traditional poetry.
Poets who have reached a sublime state and are able to surrender themselves to their work in order to produce a poem that both builds on and stands on its own is the poetic tradition.
traditional poetry refers to verse shapes that have been around for quite a while and regularly follow a particular design. traditional poems frequently rhyme, however, rhyme is only one of the numerous primary components that might be incorporated. The poem may also be required to adhere to a particular rhythm or meter, address a particular type of subject matter, or include a particular number of lines or syllables, depending on the type. The form of traditional poetry must be strictly adhered to.
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Where do germline mutations occur?
Answer:
Germline mutations occur in gamets.
Why i it important for the oxygen that enter your bloodtream to reach your cell?
It is important for the oxygen that enters your bloodstream to reach your cell in order to reach every part of the body to fulfill the oxygen demand.
All red blood cells contain a red pigment known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is where oxygen binds and is transported throughout the body. The oxygen that is inhaled (breathed in) is carried through the bloodstream by red blood cells in tiny blood vessels in the lung to all parts of the body.
For metabolism, which produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, the cells require oxygen. The blood plasma transports the carbon dioxide back to the lungs via the bloodstream after it is absorbed from the cells and some of it binds to hemoglobin. When we exhale, it leaves the body there.
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(complete question)
Why it is important for the oxygen that enters your bloodstream to reach your cell?
What is Stage 1 of photosynthesis called?
The light reactions are the first phase of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis occurs in two phases. In phase I, water is used to transform solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored in ATP and NADPH. As a waste product at this stage, oxygen is also released. In phase II, glucose is created by combining carbon dioxide with chemical energy from ATP and NADPH. In the cells of plants, organelles are called chloroplasts. In chloroplast contains grana are orderly stacks that are found in each chloroplast. Thylakoid membranes, which resemble sacs, make up the grana. Photosystems, which are collections of molecules that include the green pigment chlorophyll, are found in these membranes.
Hence, the light reaction in photosynthesis is used to create energy molecules.
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example of a body part that is made up of scaffold is
Answer: Kidney
Explanation: scaffolds are structures that mimic real organs.
Answer:
One example of a body part that is made up of a scaffold is the skeleton.
Explanation:
The skeleton is a structural system in the body that provides support and protection for the body's organs and tissues. It is made up of bones, which are connected to one another by joints. The bones of the skeleton are arranged in a specific pattern and shape, forming a scaffold that supports the body and allows for movement.
Other examples of body parts that are made up of scaffolds include the respiratory system, the circulatory system, and the musculoskeletal system. These systems are made up of a network of tubes, vessels, and muscles that provide support and function to the body.
What happened when Mendel cross pollinated purple and white flowers?
Mendel then combined these plant lines for purebreeding and noted the characteristics of the hybrid offspring. He discovered that every F1 hybrid of the first generation resembled one of the mother plants.
What will occur if a purple floral and a white flower are crossed?Mendel observed that the F1 generation produced by hybridizing true-breeding progeny plants only exhibited one feature of a characteristic. A true-breeding purple-flowering plant, for instance, might have been crossed with a truthful white-flowering plant.
What happened as a result of Mendel's cross-pollination?However, Mendel found that crossing two distinct purebred plant varieties resulted in offspring that resembled either of the parents, not a combination of the two.
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Classification of mammals
Mammalia are animals that belong to the class Mammalia. Mammals are one of the most evolved vertebrate species in the animal kingdom.
They are found all over the world and have adapted well to their surroundings, which include oceans, deserts, and polar regions, as well as rainforests and rivers. Let us take a closer look at the characteristics and classifications of the Mammalia class of animals.
Classification of mammals
1. Mammals are warm-blooded creatures that give birth to their young.
2. They are the most common type of animal found in almost all habitats.
3. They have mammary glands, which aid in the production of milk to feed their young.
4. The presence of a brain region known as the Neocortex
5. Their skin contains oil glands (sebaceous glands) as well as sweat glands sudoriferous glands).
6. The fur of hair that covers the body and aids animals in adapting to their surroundings.
7. They are heterodont, which means they have different types of teeth.
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Using the Metabolic Map as a resource, select the urea cycle reactions that occur in the mitochondria.
a. ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate → citrulline
b. arginine → urea + ornithine data
c. argininosuccinate → fumarate + arginine
d. ammonia + bicarbonate carbamoyl → phosphate
e. citrulline + aspartate → argininosuccinate
Using the Metabolic Map as a resource, select the urea cycle reactions that occur in the mitochondria will be " ammonia + bicarbonate carbamoyl → phosphate".
In the mitochondria, carbamoyl phosphate was made, and it is coupled using ornithine to become citrulline, and it is then transported outside of the mitochondria.
In order to efficiently produce ATP, the mitochondrial enzymes responsible for energy conversion are arranged within multiprotein complexes. N-acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS), carbamyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1), as well as ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), three of the mammalian urea cycle enzymes, are found in the mitochondria.
The ATP-producing organelles known as mitochondria were located where the TCA cycle, fatty acid beta-oxidation, as well as oxidative phosphorylation processes are catalyzed by multi-enzyme complexes.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d).
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The roots mast/o and mamm/o both mean:
Breast is the meaning of the roots mast and mamm. Both the metr/o and hyster/o roots denote the uterus.
mammoplasty Suffix and what it means -plasty - Medical restoration Putting form and meaning together: breast, mamm/o Definition of a medical term: Breast surgery for mending. a combining form used in the creation of compound nouns that means "marrow," "of the spinal cord": myelocyte. The testes are where sperm and testosterone, the main hormone involved in male sex, are produced.Breast is the meaning of the roots mast and mamm. Both the metr/o and hyster/o roots denote the uterus. Seminiferous tubules, coiling collections of tubes, are found inside the testes. Through a process known as spermatogenesis, these tubules are in charge of creating the sperm cells. The combining form "orchi-" is used as a prefix and can imply either "testicle" (testis) or "orchid." It relates to testicles in medicine.
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A plant can have green (G) or yellow (g) leaves. It can also have a long (K) or
short (k) stem. A scientist is preparing a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross
of a plant with a genotype GGKk. What possible gametes can the plant
produce?
O A. GK, Gk
• B. GK, gk
• C. GK, Gk, gk, gK
• D. GG, Kk
Answer:
The correct answer would be gk and gK.
Gamete refers to the haploid germ cell (male or female) which is able to fuse with another gamete of opposite sex of the same species in order to produce zygote.
According to the law of segregation only one copy of the gene (allele) is distributed to each gamete. In addition, it is a random process.
For example, gene Aa would result in the formation of two types of gametes. One will carry A and the other will carry a.
Now, according to the law of independent assortment, alleles of two or more genes are into the gametes independent of each other.
For example, in AABB alleles of gene AA and alleles of BB will be inherited independent of each other.
Now, gametes produced from gg will of only one type that is, g.
Gametes produced by Kk will be of two types which are K and k.
Lastly, all the alleles will be inherited independent of each other which forms two types of gametes. One bearing gK and one bearing gk.
Answer:
The correct answer is C. GK, Gk, gk, and gK.
Explanation:
During meiosis, the plant will produce gametes that contain one of the two alleles for each trait. The plant has two different alleles for the leaf color trait (G and g) and two different alleles for the stem length trait (K and k). Therefore, the plant can produce four different types of gametes: GK, Gk, gK, and gk. Each gamete will contain one allele for the leaf color trait and one allele for the stem length trait.
Which of the following best predicts how GSK3β mutations can lead to the development of cancer?
answer choices
Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis.
Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to proceed past the G2/M checkpoint.
Cells with overactive GSK3β are more likely to repair DNA damage.
Cells with overactive GSK3β have longer cell cycles.
Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis. So, the correct option is (A).
What is Apoptosis?Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death which occurs in multicellular organisms. These biochemical events lead to characteristic cell transformation and death where changes include cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and mRNA decay.
Tumor cells are able to evade apoptosis which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a protein kinase which phosphorylates serine and threonine amino acid residues on various substrates, thus activating various signaling pathways and performing various biological functions.
GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation on various substrates can lead to activation or deactivation of apoptosis depending on the cell type. Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis, predicting how GSK3β mutations may lead to cancer development.
Thus, cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis. So, the correct option is (A).
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Mike is a diabetic and cannot let his blood sugar get too high, what type of biomolecule should he avoid in foods?.
Mike is a diabetic and cannot let his blood sugar get too high, he should avoid Carbohydrates in foods. A carbohydrate is a biomolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Diabetes is a medical condition in which the body's blood sugar level is not properly maintained. In diabetes, the insulin level or insulin receptor does not function properly.
Diets that have the potential to raise blood sugar levels are not permitted for diabetics. Mike has diabetes, so he shouldn't eat a lot of carbohydrates. The glucose and sugar molecules that result from the hydrolysis of carbohydrates raise the blood sugar level.
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What are the 3 main structures of the carpel what are their functions?
Answer:
The three main parts of a carpel are the stigma, style, and ovary.
Explanation:
A student is comparing the cells of a prokaryote, an animal, and a plant. Identifying which two cell parts would show that the cell was a plant cell, and not a cell of a prokaryote or an animal?.
Answer:
A well-organized nucleus and chloroplasts can prove that it's a plant cell.
Explanation:
A prokaryotic cell will not have a well-organized nucleus as they just have strands of DNA. An animal cell will not have chloroplasts as they do not photosynthesize.
Two cell parts would show that the cell was a plant cell, and not a cell of a prokaryote or an animal are the Cell wall and chloroplast
In contrast to plant cells, animal cells lack centrioles, centrosomes (which are discussed under the cytoskeleton), numerous smaller vacuoles, and lysosomes. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a large central vacuole and a cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage. The nucleus of a prokaryote cell lacks a nuclear membrane, there are no organelles with a membrane around them (such as mitochondria or plastids), and the cell wall is usually present. It is made of peptidoglycan, and the nucleoid that contains the genetic material is there.
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What is atherosclerosis related to?
Atherosclerosis related to hardening of arteries.
Your arteries stiffen due to atherosclerosis, which is brought on by a slow accumulation of plaque. High cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, inactivity, and a diet high in saturated fat are all risk factors. The signs of atherosclerosis may not manifest until you experience issues like a heart attack or stroke.
Plaque fragments have the potential to come loose, become lodged in your body, and cause harm. In a restricted artery, a blood clot might also develop. It might finally get loosened and pass through the artery.
The progression of atherosclerosis may start while you are a child.
Blood clots, carotid artery disease, Chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, heart attack, peripheral artery disease, stroke are the serious health problems and medical emergencies due to atherosclerosis.
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1-Genes turn on or off to regulate the activity of : differentiation . RNA . mutation multifactorial disorders 2-Which public health issue is NOT listed as a priority in the Healthy People initiative ? oral health tobacco health on school campuses injury and violence 3-A sleep latency test measures how long takes you to fall asleep . records information such as the times you go to bed and awaken, and what you consume in the evening is repeated five times during the day in a sleep clinic . involves monitoring your sleeping habits at home 4-A person suffering from depression commonly experience A lack of guilt Fatigue Improved concentration An unusual passion for hobbies 5-Zaodesa year-old malt, a cardiovascular training programTo benetles from exercise, now he need to increases intensity workout? Once a week Once a month Once every two weeks Once every three weeks
Health on school campuses (c) is a public health issue that is NOT listed as a priority in the Healthy People initiative.
A sleep latency test is (c) repeated five times during the day in a sleep clinic. Every two hours during typical wake periods, a person is offered 4-5 opportunities to sleep as part of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). The test is used by the expert to gauge the degree of daytime drowsiness (also known as sleep latency) and the rate at which REM sleep starts in the patient.
A person suffering from depression commonly experiences (b) fatigue and (d) an unusual passion for hobbies. Depression is a mood illness that results in a constant sense of melancholy and boredom. It affects how you feel, think, and behave and can cause a number of mental and physical issues. You can struggle with doing routine daily tasks, and you might occasionally think life isn't worth living.
Zaodesa needs to increase his high intensity workouts to (a) once a week. Advantages of consistent exercise for cardiovascular risk factors are:
an improvement in exercise tolerancea decrease in body weightdecreased blood pressureLDL and total cholesterol levels are reducedaugmentation of HDL, the good cholesterolhigher insulin sensitivityLearn more about the Healthy People Initiative here:
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