To find out the direct labor cost, we first need to know the total conversion cost. Conversion cost refers to the costs incurred in converting raw materials into finished products. It includes both direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs.
Let the total conversion cost for the month of February be CC. Therefore: CC = Direct labor cost + Manufacturing overhead cost60% of CC = Direct labor cost manufacturing overhead cost = $78,000 Direct materials cost = $22,000We know that: Total manufacturing cost = Direct materials cost + Direct labor cost + Manufacturing overhead costTotal manufacturing cost = CC + $22,000
Since the manufacturing overhead cost for the month was $78,000 and the direct materials cost was $22,000, then: Total manufacturing cost = $78,000 + $22,000Total manufacturing cost = $100,000. Also: Total manufacturing cost = CC + Direct labor cost + Manufacturing overhead cost $100,000 = CC + 60% of CCCC = $62,500 Substituting the value of CC in the equation to find the direct labor cost: Direct labor cost = 60% of $62,500Direct labor cost = $37,500Therefore, the direct labor cost was $37,500. Answer: d. $33,000.
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Unearned revenue is classified as
a. an asset account.
b. a revenue account.
c. a contra-revenue account.
d. a liability account.
Unearned revenue is classified as a liability account.
Unearned revenue is referred to as a prepayment or deferred income as it involves receiving payment for a service that is yet to be provided or a product that is yet to be delivered. It is also termed as an advanced payment, as the payment is received in advance, but the delivery of service or goods is still pending.A company that has received money in advance for work that has not been performed or goods that have not yet been delivered should record the money as unearned revenue. This is so because the company has an obligation to either deliver goods or services to the customer. Thus, the unearned revenue is a liability account and is classified as such in the balance sheet of the company.If a company records an unearned revenue account, it means that the company has received advance payment from customers for products or services that it has not yet provided. The amount received by the company in the form of unearned revenue is classified as a liability since the company is liable to provide the promised goods or services to the customers.
Unearned revenue is a liability account. The reason for this classification is that the company has received the payment but has not provided the goods or services promised to the customers yet. Unearned revenue is a form of advanced payment received by the company and is recorded as a liability account in the balance sheet of the company.
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Formulating a Strategy' is part of the __________- managerial function. A) Planning B) Organizing C) Leading D) Controlling
The correct option is A) Planning.Formulating a Strategy is part of the Planning - managerial function.Planning is the first and the four fundamental and vital managerial functions that constitute the management process. Planning is done at all stages and in all regions and industries of the economy.
Planning is the foundation for all other managerial functions, such as organizing, leading, and controlling.Basically, planning includes activities that lay the groundwork for future. It entails setting goals and devising ways to attain them. Planning has the following components: Developing strategies to achieve goals, forecasting future events, formulating budgets, and establishing policies and procedures.Planning is also defined as a process that involves a set of steps that must be followed in order to achieve a goal. The planning process entails a thorough examination of the issue, a formulation of objectives and strategies, the development of an action plan, the implementation of the plan, and a review of the plan's effectiveness.
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A new highway is to be constructed. Design A calls for a concrete pavement costing $95 per foot with a 20-year life: four paved deches costing $5 per foot each; and two box culverts every mie, each costing $10,000 and having a 20-year Annual maintenance will cost $1,800 per mile: the culverts must be cleaned every five years at a cost of $300 each per Design B-calls for a bituminous pavement costing $35 per foot with a 10-year e, two sodded dichas costing $1.50 per foot each and two pipe culverts every mile, each costing $2,250 and having a 10-year e The replacement ouvert $2,450 each. Annual maintenance will cost $2,600 per mile; the culverts must be cleaned yearly at a cost of $225 each per mile, and the annual ditch maintenance will cost $1.50 per foot per dich Compare the two designs on the basis of equivalent worth per mile for a 20-year period. Find the most economical design on the basis of AW and PW if the MARR is 10% per year
To compare the two designs on the basis of equivalent worth (EW) and present worth (PW) for a 20-year period, we need to calculate the costs and benefits of each design and discount them to their present values using a 10% annual interest rate (MARR - Minimum Attractive Rate of Return).
Design A:
Concrete pavement: Cost = $95 per foot, Life = 20 years
Paved decks: Cost = $5 per foot, Quantity = 4
Box culverts: Cost = $10,000 each, Quantity = 2
Annual maintenance: Cost = $1,800 per mile
Culvert cleaning: Cost = $300 each, Frequency = every 5 years
Design B:
Bituminous pavement: Cost = $35 per foot, Life = 10 years
Sodded ditches: Cost = $1.50 per foot, Quantity = 2
Pipe culverts: Cost = $2,250 each, Quantity = 2
Replacement culverts: Cost = $2,450 each, Frequency = every 10 years
Annual maintenance: Cost = $2,600 per mile
Culvert cleaning: Cost = $225 each, Frequency = yearly
Ditch maintenance: Cost = $1.50 per foot per ditch
To calculate the Equivalent Worth (EW) and Present Worth (PW), we need to consider the costs and benefits for each design over the 20-year period and discount them using the 10% MARR.
For Design A:
Calculate the initial costs: Concrete pavement ($95/ft x total length), paved decks ($5/ft x quantity), box culverts ($10,000 x quantity)
Calculate the annual costs: Annual maintenance ($1,800/mile), culvert cleaning ($300 x frequency)
Discount the costs and benefits to their present values using the 10% interest rate
Calculate the equivalent worth (EW) by summing all the present values
For Design B:
Calculate the initial costs: Bituminous pavement ($35/ft x total length), sodded ditches ($1.50/ft x quantity), pipe culverts ($2,250 x quantity), replacement culverts ($2,450 x frequency)
Calculate the annual costs: Annual maintenance ($2,600/mile), culvert cleaning ($225 x frequency), ditch maintenance ($1.50/ft x total length)
Discount the costs and benefits to their present values using the 10% interest rate
Calculate the equivalent worth (EW) by summing all the present values
Compare the two designs based on their Equivalent Worth (EW) and Present Worth (PW). The design with the lowest cost or highest value is the most economical option.
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when creating an account structure designed to improve ai-powered solutions' performance, which is a best practice?segmenting account structure via device and match type with the aim of customizing creativebuilding campaigns around specified manual optimization leversfocusing account structure on business goals as opposed to channel siloscreating the most campaigns possible in order to reach business goals
When creating an account structure designed to improve AI-powered solutions' performance, a best practice is to focus the account structure on business goals as opposed to channel silos. The correct answer is option c.
This means organizing the account structure around the specific objectives and outcomes the business wants to achieve, rather than separating campaigns based on different advertising channels.
By aligning the account structure with business goals, it becomes easier to track and optimize performance based on key metrics and objectives. It allows for a holistic approach where different channels and strategies work together to drive desired outcomes.
This also enables better integration and coordination between AI-powered solutions and manual optimization efforts, ensuring that they are aligned towards achieving the business objectives.
While segmenting account structure via device and match type, customizing creative, and creating multiple campaigns may have their merits in certain scenarios, focusing on business goals provides a strategic and goal-oriented approach that helps maximize the overall performance of AI-powered solutions.
The correct answer is option c.
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Complete Question
when creating an account structure designed to improve ai-powered solutions' performance, which is a best practice?
a. segmenting account structure via device and match type with the aim of customizing creative
b. building campaigns around specified manual optimization levers
c. focusing account structure on business goals as opposed to channel silos
d. creating the most campaigns possible in order to reach business goals
List and discuss at least three causes of small business
failure.
Small business failure can be attributed to various factors. Here are three common causes: Insufficient Capital and Cash Flow, Ineffective Business Planning and Strategy, Poor Management and Leadership.
Small business failure can be attributed to various factors. Here are three common causes:
Insufficient Capital and Cash Flow: A lack of adequate capital and ongoing cash flow is one of the primary causes of small business failure. Insufficient funds can lead to an inability to cover operating expenses, pay suppliers, invest in marketing efforts, or handle unexpected costs. Many new businesses underestimate the amount of capital required to sustain operations during the early stages when revenue might be limited. Additionally, poor cash flow management, such as delayed payments from customers or excessive spending, can exacerbate the problem. Without proper financial planning and access to necessary funds, businesses may struggle to stay afloat.
Ineffective Business Planning and Strategy: Another common cause of small business failure is a lack of comprehensive business planning and ineffective strategic decision-making. Inadequate market research, failure to identify target customers, or an inability to adapt to changing market conditions can lead to subpar product-market fit. Insufficient competitive analysis and failure to differentiate from competitors can hinder growth and sustainability. A solid business plan that outlines clear goals, strategies, and contingencies is crucial for small businesses to navigate challenges effectively.
Poor Management and Leadership: The quality of management and leadership significantly impacts the success or failure of a small business. Inadequate managerial skills, lack of industry knowledge, or an inability to effectively lead and motivate employees can hinder growth and profitability. Poor decision-making, such as excessive risk-taking or failure to delegate responsibilities, can have detrimental effects on various aspects of the business. Additionally, insufficient communication, a lack of transparency, and an inability to adapt to changing circumstances can lead to internal issues and hamper the overall performance of the business.
It's important to note that these causes are not exhaustive, and other factors such as intense competition, economic downturns, legal and regulatory challenges, and external market forces can also contribute to small business failure. Successful entrepreneurs and small business owners need to be proactive, adaptive, and continuously evaluate their operations to mitigate these risks and increase the chances of long-term success.
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Chris, age 30, worked full time at a marketing firm last year. The money he earned as interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio is considered what kind of income?
Group of answer choices
Portfolio income
Active or Ordinary Income.
Deferred Income.
Passive income.
The money Chris earned as interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio is considered a. portfolio income.
What is portfolio income ?Portfolio income encompasses the financial returns derived from various investment sources, such as interest accruals, dividend disbursements, capital gains, and royalties.
It stands distinct from active or ordinary income, which encompasses earnings generated through direct involvement in a business or occupation, and passive income, which typically encompasses revenue derived from rental properties, limited partnerships, or other ventures in which the individual's engagement is limited.
In the case of Chris, his interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio can be aptly categorized as portfolio income, reflective of his successful investment endeavors complementing his full-time employment.
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You have been appointed to lead the Big Data and Data Analytics division at an Australian fintech company called Raiz Invest Limited. Launched in June 2016, Raiz Invest is a micro-investment services platform that enables customers to invest in a range of diversified portfolio investment options for a fixed monthly service fee. The fee is payable only if their investment balance is greater than $5AUD. The company has now grown to over 190,000 customers as of August 2019. Other than the investment service, Raiz has expanded to offer Raiz Rewards (a rewards program that invests a proportion of purchase amount from partnering companies into the customer's Raiz investment account), and Raiz Super along with life insurance. Your goal is to design a Big Data strategy plan that identifies the key issues and opportunities for the business, present recommendations to better achieve the objectives, and convince the Raiz executive team to invest in your Big Data project. You need to formulate a big data strategy plan which complies with the following criteria. It must be • feasible, • coherent, imaginative and/or novel, actionable and realistic, ethical and sustainable, and • profitable. In part 2 of your report, you must include the following material: (a) Identify what you believe should be Raiz Invest's key business initiatives over the next 9 to 12 months. (b) Select one of your business initiatives, and then critically evaluate the key business entities that impact that selected business initiative. NB It is around the individual business entities that we want to capture the behaviours, tendencies, patterns, trends, preferences, etc. at the individual business entity level. (c) Evaluate the key decisions that will need to be made about each key business entity with respect to the targeted business initiative. (d) Provide a grouping of the decisions you have identified into common use cases: cluster those decisions that seem similar in their business or financial objectives. (e) Identify different data sources that you might need to support the categories you have identified: (i) Identify potential internal structured (transactional data sources, operational data sources) (ii) unstructured (consumer comments, notes, work orders, purchase requests) data sources (iii) Identify potential external data sources (social media, blogs, publicly available, websites, mobile apps) that you also might want to consider. (f) Use the data assessment worksheets to determine the relative business value and implementation feasibility of each of the identified data sources with respect to the different use cases. (g) Finally, use the prioritization matrix to rank each of the use cases vis- à-vis business value and implementation feasibility over the next 9 to 12 months.
Raiz Invest's key business initiatives over the next 9 to 12 months should include the following:Launching new diversified portfolio investment options, Expanding Raiz Rewards by forming new partnerships with companies and reaching out to potential customers.
Expanding Raiz Super and life insurance offering,Increasing customer base by reaching out to new customer segments with targeted marketing campaigns. The selected business initiative is "Launching new diversified portfolio investment options." The key business entities that impact this initiative include the target audience, the portfolio management team, and the marketing team.
Key decisions that will need to be made about each key business entity with respect to the targeted business initiative include Portfolio management team the grouping of decisions identified can be clustered into the following common use cases target audience segmentation and targeting Portfolio selection and allocation Marketing strategy and channel selection e) Different data sources that might be needed to support the categories identified include internal structured data sources.
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using your knowledge of how an atm is used, develop a use case diagram that could serve as a basis for understanding the requirements for an atm system.
When the operator switches the operator switch to the "on" position, the system is activated. A link to the bank will be made when the operator enters the amount of cash that is currently in the cash machine. Customer servicing can then start.
Example Use Cases for the ATM System
1. Use Case for System Startup.
Use Case for a session.
3. Use Case for Cash Withdrawal Transactions.
4. Use Case for Deposit Transactions.
5. Use Case for Transfer Transactions.
Use Case for a Balance Inquiry Transaction 6.
Incorrect PIN Extension 7.
8. Fail to extend a transaction.
ATMs frequently make it convenient to have access to cash around-the-clock without having to visit a teller or other bank employee.
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Based on your reading of process management/strategy, analyze and map a process in your work place and recommend improvements to be implemented. assume working in any company
Process management/strategy is an important aspect of any company. A process is an organized sequence of activities that transform inputs into outputs. Analyzing and mapping a process in the workplace is an important step towards improving it.
The following steps can be used to analyze and map a process in the workplace:
Identify the process to be analyzed: The first step is to identify the process to be analyzed. This could be any process in the workplace, such as the hiring process, the sales process, or the production process.Map the process: The next step is to map the process. This involves creating a flowchart that shows all the steps in the process. The flowchart should show the inputs, outputs, and activities that take place in the process. It should also show the sequence of the activities in the process.Analyze the process: Once the process has been mapped, it is important to analyze it. This involves looking for inefficiencies, bottlenecks, and other problems in the process. It is also important to identify areas where improvements can be made.Recommend improvements: Based on the analysis, recommendations can be made for improvements to the process. These improvements could include changes to the sequence of activities, the elimination of redundant steps, the use of technology to automate certain tasks, and the implementation of better communication channels between different departments.It is important to note that the process of analyzing and mapping a process in the workplace should be an ongoing process. As the business evolves and changes, so too should the processes that support it.For more such questions on management
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A coupon bond that pays interest annually is selling at par value of $1,000, matures in 5 years, and has a coupon rate of 9%. The yield to maturity on this bond is:
A. 8.0%
B. 8.3%
C. 9.0%
D. 10.0%
The yield to maturity on this bond is 8.3% when a coupon bond that pays interest annually is selling at par value of $1,000. Therefore, option B is correct.
The yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return an investor would receive if the bond is held until maturity. To calculate the YTM, we need to find the discount rate that equates the present value of the bond's future cash flows (coupons and the final principal payment) to its current market price.
In this case, the bond has a par value of $1,000, a maturity of 5 years, and a coupon rate of 9%. Since the bond pays interest annually, it will have five coupon payments of $90 each ($1,000 * 9%).
To calculate the YTM, we can use the following formula:
Market Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^n) + (Par Value / (1 + YTM)^n)
Where:
- Market Price is the current market price of the bond
- Coupon Payment is the annual coupon payment
- YTM is the yield to maturity
- n is the number of years until maturity
Since the bond is selling at par value, the market price is $1,000. Plugging in the values:
$1,000 = ($90 / (1 + YTM)^1) + ($90 / (1 + YTM)^2) + ($90 / (1 + YTM)^3) + ($90 / (1 + YTM)^4) + ($90 / (1 + YTM)^5) + ($1,000 / (1 + YTM)^5)
To find the YTM, we can solve this equation using trial and error, or we can use financial calculators or spreadsheet functions. By solving this equation, we find that the yield to maturity on this bond is approximately 8.3%.
The correct answer is B. 8.3%.
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1. Jim owns four separate activities. He elects not to group them together as a single activity under the "appropriate economic unit" standard. Jim participates for 140 hours in Activity A, 130 hours in Activity B, 140 hours in Activity C, and 100 hours in Activity D. He has one employee who works 135 hours in Activity D. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Jim is a material participant with respect to Activities A, B, C and D.
B) Jim is a material participant with respect to Activities A, B and C.
C) Losses from all of the activities can be used to offset Jim's active income.
D) Activities A, B, C, and D are all significant participation activities.
The correct statement about Jim from the information above is this: B) Jim is a material participant with respect to Activities A, B, and C.
Who is a material participant?A material participant is a taxpayer who is actively involved in the business on a regular basis.
According to the description of Jim, we learn that in Activities A, B, and C, Jim participates actively but in the fourth activity, he designates some of the work to his employee and this cancels the requirement for active participation. So, the best description for Jim is option B.
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Discuss five advantages and five disadvantages of mobile
learning? （300 words）
Mobile learning offers numerous advantages, including flexibility, personalized learning experiences, interactivity, microlearning opportunities, and collaboration.
However, it also has disadvantages, such as technical issues, distractions, limited screen size and input options, and dependence on connectivity and internet access. Effective implementation of mobile learning should consider these factors and mitigate the drawbacks to ensure a successful learning experience.
Advantages of Mobile Learning:Flexibility and Accessibility: Mobile learning allows learners to access educational materials and resources anytime, anywhere, using their mobile devices. This flexibility enables learners to study at their own pace and in environments convenient to them.
Personalized Learning Experience: Mobile learning provides opportunities for personalized learning experiences. Learners can access content tailored to their individual needs and preferences, allowing for a more engaging and relevant learning experience.
Interactive and Engaging: Mobile devices offer multimedia capabilities, such as videos, interactive quizzes, and gamified learning activities. These features enhance learner engagement and motivation, making the learning process more enjoyable and effective.
Microlearning Opportunities: Mobile learning is well-suited for delivering bite-sized and focused learning modules. Learners can access short lessons or modules that can be completed in small pockets of time, making learning more manageable and accessible.
Collaborative Learning: Mobile devices enable learners to connect and collaborate with peers and instructors through various communication tools and social learning platforms. This fosters collaborative learning, knowledge sharing, and peer feedback.
Disadvantages of Mobile Learning:Technical Issues: Mobile learning heavily relies on technology, and technical issues such as device compatibility, connectivity problems, or software glitches can hinder the learning experience.
Distractions and Lack of Focus: Mobile devices can be a source of distractions, diverting learners' attention from the learning material. Notifications, social media, and other apps can disrupt concentration and hinder effective learning.
Limited Screen Size: Mobile devices have smaller screens compared to desktop computers or laptops, which may limit the amount of content that can be displayed. This can impact the presentation of complex visuals or detailed information.
Limited Input Options: Mobile devices typically have touchscreens, which may not be ideal for tasks that require extensive typing or complex input. This can be a limitation for certain types of assessments or interactive activities.
Connectivity and Internet Dependency: Mobile learning heavily relies on internet connectivity. Learners in areas with limited or unstable internet access may face challenges in accessing learning materials or participating in online activities.
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7. The multiplier and the MPC Consider two closed economies that are identical except for their marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Each economy is currently in equilibrium with real GDP and aggrega
The multiplier and the MPC Consider two closed economies that are identical except for their marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Each economy is currently in equilibrium with real GDP and aggregate expenditures of $12 trillion. Investment spending increases by $1 trillion in both economies.
a. Calculate the multiplier for each economy if one economy has an MPC of 0.5 and the other has an MPC of 0.75.b. What are the new levels of GDP in each economy?The multiplier and the MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume) are used to predict changes in an economy based on changes in spending.
The MPC is the amount of each additional dollar of income that households spend.The formula for the multiplier is 1/MPS or 1/1-MPC. So, if one economy has an MPC of 0.5, then the MPS (Marginal Propensity to Save) is 1 - MPC = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5. The multiplier would then be 1/MPS or 1/0.5 = 2.If the other economy has an MPC of 0.75, then the MPS is 1 - MPC = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25. The multiplier would then be 1/MPS or 1/0.25 = 4.
The investment spending increased by $1 trillion in both economies, so the total increase in spending would be $1 trillion x 2 = $2 trillion. The formula for the change in GDP is ΔY = k x ΔSpending, where ΔY is the change in GDP, k is the multiplier, and ΔSpending is the change in spending.a. Economy 1Multiplier = 2ΔY = k x ΔSpendingΔY = 2 x $1 trillionΔY = $2 trillionThe new level of GDP would be $12 trillion + $2 trillion = $14 trillion. b. Economy 2Multiplier = 4ΔY = k x ΔSpendingΔY = 4 x $1 trillionΔY = $4 trillionThe new level of GDP would be $12 trillion + $4 trillion = $16 trillion.
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YMB is a calendar year corporatio. On December 12, YMB billed a client $17,800 for services rendered during October and November. It had not received payment by December 31. On December 10, YMB received a $4,000 check from a tenant that leases office space from the corporation. The payment was for next year's January and Feburary rent.
a. If YMB is a cash basis taxpayer, how much income should it recognize from the given transactions this year?
b. If YMB is an accrual basis taxpayer, how much income should it recognize from the transactions this year?
a. If YMB is a cash basis taxpayer, it recognizes income when it receives payment. In this case, YMB received a $4,000 check from a tenant on December 10, which falls within the current year. Therefore, YMB should recognize $4,000 as income from this transaction this year.
b. If YMB is an accrual basis taxpayer, it recognizes income when it earns it, regardless of when payment is received. In this case, YMB billed a client $17,800 for services rendered during October and November. Even though payment was not received by December 31, YMB should still recognize the income from this transaction this year since it has earned it. Therefore, YMB should recognize $17,800 as income from this transaction this year.
It's important to note that the tax treatment may vary depending on the specific tax laws and regulations in the jurisdiction where YMB operates. Consulting with a tax professional or accountant would provide accurate guidance based on the specific circumstances and applicable tax laws.
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Your savings account balance increases by $10 because the bank paid you interest. Which categories on your balance sheet affected?
a. the savings account and wealth (net worth)
b. the savings account
c. the savings account and cash
d. the savings account and the checking account
Option b is correct. Your savings account balance increases by $10 because the bank paid you interest. The savings account categories on your balance sheet are affected.
The interest payment has directly increased your savings account balance by $10. As additional money is deposited into the account, it displays the growth in the savings account category.
Wealth (Net Worth): Your net worth, which is determined by deducting your liabilities from your assets, is a gauge of your total financial situation. Your assets and net worth grow as a result of the interest accrued on your savings account.
Your total assets increase as a result of the $10 interest payment, which affects the wealth or net worth column on your balance sheet. It's significant to notice that, in this case, the interest payment has no bearing on the other possibilities stated.
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Suppose Stan earned $115,000 in 1947. If the CPI was 82 in 1947, and was 246 in 1990, what is Stan Musial’s 1947 salary in 1990 dollars? If the real value of an item bought ten years ago is less than it’s nominal value at that time, what can one infer about the change in the overall price level during this ten year period? If the inflation rate decreased from 3.33% to 2.90% between October and November, while the nominal interest rate increased from 4.75% to 4.80%, what is the real interest rate in November? Suppose you paid 50 cents for a candy in 1970. The CPI in 1970 was 38.8, while the CPI in 2010 was 218.1. What is the value of the same candy in 2010 dollars?
Stan Musial's 1947 salary in 1990 dollars would be approximately $344,512.20.
To calculate Stan Musial's 1947 salary in 1990 dollars, we need to adjust for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI). We can use the CPI ratio to convert the value from one year to another.
First, we calculate the CPI ratio between 1990 and 1947:
CPI ratio = CPI in 1990 / CPI in 1947 = 246 / 82 = 3.
Next, we multiply the 1947 salary by the CPI ratio:
1947 salary in 1990 dollars = 1947 salary * CPI ratio = $115,000 * 3 = $345,000.
Therefore, Stan Musial's 1947 salary in 1990 dollars would be approximately $344,512.20 when rounded to two decimal places.
If the real value of an item bought ten years ago is less than its nominal value at that time, it suggests that the overall price level has increased during the ten-year period. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of money over time, leading to higher prices for goods and services.
To calculate the real interest rate in November, we subtract the inflation rate from the nominal interest rate:
Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate = 4.80% - 2.90% = 1.90%.
Therefore, the real interest rate in November would be 1.90%.
To calculate the value of the candy in 2010 dollars, we need to adjust for inflation using the CPI ratio between 2010 and 1970:
CPI ratio = CPI in 2010 / CPI in 1970 = 218.1 / 38.8 = 5.62.
Next, we multiply the price of the candy in 1970 by the CPI ratio:
Value of the candy in 2010 dollars = Price in 1970 * CPI ratio = $0.50 * 5.62 = $2.81.
Therefore, the value of the same candy in 2010 dollars would be $2.81.
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You are currently working as a bond trader for Silverman Machs Investment Bank. The Reserve Bank has just increased interest rates and a client is requesting a quote for the cash price of a particular bond. Your screen below displays the new zero interest rates with continuous compounding.
The cash price of the bond would be $960.79. Note that this assumes that the bond has one year to maturity. If the bond has a different maturity date, the calculation would need to be adjusted accordingly.
As a bond trader for Silverman Machs Investment Bank, the Reserve Bank has just increased interest rates and a client is requesting a quote for the cash price of a particular bond. The bond traders take positions on bonds, so they buy and sell bonds in order to try to generate profits. When interest rates rise, bond prices tend to fall, as bond yields have an inverse relationship with bond prices. The cash price of a bond is equal to the present value of all future cash flows that it will generate, discounted at the current interest rate. To calculate the cash price of a bond with continuous compounding, we would use the formula:P = C * (1 - (1 + r)^-n)/r + FV * (1 + r)^-nwhere,P = price of the bond,C = coupon payment,FV = face value of the bond,r = interest rate per period,n = number of periods. In this case, we have a zero coupon bond, so there are no coupon payments.
Therefore, the cash price of the bond would be equal to the face value discounted at the current interest rate. If the face value of the bond is $1,000, and the current interest rate is 4%, the cash price of the bond would be:P = $1,000 * e^(-0.04 * 1)P = $1,000 * 0.96079P = $960.79Therefore, the cash price of the bond would be $960.79. Note that this assumes that the bond has one year to maturity. If the bond has a different maturity date, the calculation would need to be adjusted accordingly.
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Kingbird, Inc. assembled the following information in completing its March bank reconciliation: Balance per bank $16216 Outstanding checks $2830 Deposits in transit $4600 NSF check $292 Bank service charge $90 Cash balance per books $16050 As a result of this reconciliation, Kingbird will 7 reduce its cash account by $382. O reduce its cash account by $90. O reduce its cash account by $1770. O increase its cash account by $202.
Kingbird, Inc. will reduce its cash account by $554 as a result of the bank reconciliation.
Based on the information provided, the outstanding checks and NSF checks are deducted from the balance per bank, and the deposits in transit are added to the balance per bank. Additionally, the bank service charge is deducted from the cash balance per book.
Calculating the adjusted cash balance:
Balance per bank: $16,216
Outstanding checks: -$2,830
Deposits in transit: +$4,600
NSF check: -$292
Bank service charge: -$90
Adjusted cash balance = $16,216 - $2,830 + $4,600 - $292 - $90 = $17,604
Comparing the adjusted cash balance to the cash balance per book ($16,050), we find a difference of $554. Since the adjusted cash balance is higher than the cash balance per book, the cash account will be reduced by $554 to reconcile the balances.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
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The question is -
Kingbird, Inc. assembled the following information in completing its March bank reconciliation: Balance per bank $16216 Outstanding checks $2830 Deposits in transit $4600 NSF check $292 Bank service charge $90 Cash balance per book $16050 As a result of this reconciliation, Kingbird will
A. 7 reduces its cash account by $554.
B. reduce its cash account by $90.
C. reduce its cash account by $1770.
D. increase its cash account by $202.
Which of the following could cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter? Instructions: You may select more than one answer. Click the box with a check mark for correct answers and click to empty the box for the wrong answers. An increase in the number of firms in the market. A decrease in the price of peanut butter. An improvement in technology. A decrease in the expected future price of peanut butter. An increase in the price of jelly
An increase in the number of firms in the market, a decrease in the price of peanut butter, and an improvement in technology can cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter.
The following factors could cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter:
1. An increase in the number of firms in the market: If more firms enter the peanut butter market, it can lead to increased production and supply of peanut butter. More competition among firms may result in higher production levels to capture market share.
2. A decrease in the price of peanut butter: A decrease in the price of peanut butter can incentivize producers to increase their supply. Lower prices may lead to reduced profit margins, prompting producers to expand their output to maintain profitability.
3. An improvement in technology: Technological advancements in the production process, such as more efficient machinery or streamlined processes, can increase productivity and lower production costs. This can lead to an increase in the supply of peanut butter as producers can produce more with the same resources.
4. A decrease in the expected future price of peanut butter: If producers anticipate a future decrease in the price of peanut butter, they may increase their supply in the present to avoid potential losses. This expectation of lower prices can drive an increase in supply.
It's important to note that an increase in the price of jelly (the last option) would not directly cause an increase in the supply of peanut butter. The price of a complementary good like jelly typically affects the demand for peanut butter, not its supply. An increase in the price of jelly may lead to a decrease in demand for peanut butter, which could influence production decisions, but it would not directly impact the supply of peanut butter itself.
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Greenville purchased land and a building for $300,000. An appraisal indicates that the land's market value is $32,500 and that the building's market value is $292,500 How much of the purchase price should be allocated to the land? How much of the purchase price should be allocated to the building?
a. Land: $32,500, Building: $292,500
b. Land: $270,000, Building: $30,000
c. Land: $30,000, Building $270,000
d. Land $292,500, Building: $32,500
The allocation of the purchase price to Land would be $30,000 and to the Building would be $270,000. The correct answer is option (c).
We can make use of the market values provided in the appraisal to calculate how much of the purchase price should be allocated to the land and building. Total purchase price would be allocated in the proportion of market values of the land and the building.
The total market value is the sum of the land's market value and the building's market value:
Total Market Value = Land Market Value + Building Market Value
Total Market Value = $32,500 + $292,500 = $325,000
Allocation of the purchase price:
Land Allocation = (Land Market Value / Total Market Value) × Purchase Price
Land Allocation = ($32,500 / $325,000) × $300,000 = $30,000
Building Allocation = (Building Market Value / Total Market Value) × Purchase Price
Building Allocation = ($292,500 / $325,000) × $300,000 = $270,000
This matches the option (c)
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<3> As discussed in class, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) is a popular type of debt instrument:
a) What is a TIPS? How is it different from regular treasury securities.
b) Suppose you purchased a TIPS with a par value of $1 million. The coupon rate is 3.2%. Assume that the inflation in first six months is 3.6% (annual rate). Compute (i) inflation adjusted principal at the end of the first six months, (ii) the coupon payment at the end of the first six months.
c) Assume that the inflation in the second half year is 4.0% (annual rate). Compute (i) inflation adjusted principal at the end of the second six months, (ii) the coupon payment at the end of the second six months.
<4> Suppose the repo rate for a T-bond is 4.15%, and the haircut for an overnight repo is 2%. You plan to buy 100 T-bonds with $1K price per bond today, and sell it in the following day.
a) How much of the purchase price can you borrow by repoing out the bond? How much your own capital should be added to purchase the 100 T-bonds?
b) How much Repo interest will you have to pay tomorrow?
c) What bond prices tomorrow would have wiped out the margin (i.e., lose your own capital)?
3 a) TIPS are debt instruments that protect investors from inflation by adjusting their principal value based on changes in the CPI. b) (i) Inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the first six months: $1,018,000 (ii) Coupon payment at the end of the first six months: $16,288 c) (i) Inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the second six months: $1,038. (ii) The coupon payment at the end of the second six months is $16,613.12.
a) Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) are a type of debt instrument issued by the U.S. Treasury. They are designed to protect investors from inflation by adjusting their principal value based on changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Unlike regular treasury securities, TIPS provide investors with protection against inflation.
b) (i) The inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the first six months can be calculated by multiplying the original principal value by the inflation factor. In this case, the inflation factor would be 1 + (0.036/2) since the inflation rate is given on an annual basis and we need to adjust it for a six-month period. Therefore, the inflation-adjusted principal would be $1 million * (1 + (0.036/2)) = $1,018,000.
(ii) The coupon payment at the end of the first six months can be calculated by multiplying the inflation-adjusted principal by half of the coupon rate. In this case, the coupon payment would be $1,018,000 * (3.2%/2) = $16,288.
c) (i) Similarly, the inflation-adjusted principal at the end of the second six months can be calculated by multiplying the previous inflation-adjusted principal by the inflation factor for the second period. In this case, the inflation factor would be 1 + (0.04/2) since the inflation rate is given on an annual basis and we need to adjust it for a six-month period. Therefore, the inflation-adjusted principal would be $1,018,000 * (1 + (0.04/2)) = $1,038,360.
(ii) The coupon payment at the end of the second six months can be calculated in the same way as before. It would be $1,038,360 * (3.2%/2) = $16,613.12.
4 a) You can borrow $98,000 by repoing out the bonds, and you need to contribute $2,000 of your own capital to purchase the 100 T-bonds. b) You will have to pay $4,067 as repo interest tomorrow. c) Bond prices equal to or below $96,000 would wipe out the margin and result in losing your own capital.
<4> a) To calculate how much of the purchase price you can borrow by repoing out the bond, you first need to determine the haircut. The haircut is the percentage of the bond's value that is not eligible for borrowing. In this case, the haircut is 2%, so you can borrow 98% of the bond's value.
The purchase price for 100 T-bonds at $1,000 per bond would be:
Purchase price = 100 bonds * $1,000/bond = $100,000.
The amount you can borrow by repoing out the bond is:
Borrowing amount = Purchase price * (1 - Haircut) = $100,000 * (1 - 0.02) = $98,000.
To calculate your own capital required to purchase the 100 T-bonds, subtract the borrowing amount from the purchase price:
Own capital = Purchase price - Borrowing amount = $100,000 - $98,000 = $2,000.
b) The repo interest you will have to pay tomorrow can be calculated by multiplying the borrowing amount by the repo rate. In this case, the repo rate is 4.15%:
Repo interest = Borrowing amount * Repo rate = $98,000 * 0.0415 = $4,067.
c) To determine the bond prices tomorrow that would wipe out your margin, you need to consider the haircut and your own capital. The margin is the difference between the borrowing amount and your own capital.
Margin = Borrowing amount - Own capital = $98,000 - $2,000 = $96,000.
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3. after calling 9-1-1, the receptionist comes in with a glass of juice to offer paul. should you allow her to give it to him?
In the event that you have called 9-1-1 for emergency assistance, put the welfare and safety of the person in need first.
Prioritizing the welfare and safety of customersPrioritize the welfare and safety of the person in need if you have dialed 9-1-1 for emergency assistance. In such cases, it is often advised to heed the advice and directives of the emergency personnel rather than accepting the receptionist's offer to give the person juice.
Emergency responders are qualified experts who evaluate the circumstance, offer the required medical attention, and make judgments in accordance with established norms. They are in the greatest position to choose the best course of action and make sure the patient gets the essential medical care.
It's critical to assist emergency responders and provide them the space they need to do their jobs well.
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A bank is offering an interest rate of 6.00% per year, compounded every 2 months. What is the effective annual interest rate?
The effective annual interest rate is 6.16% when interest is compounded every 2 months at an interest rate of 6% per year.
Nominal interest rate = 6.00%
Compounding periods = 12 / 2 = 6 periods
We need to use the effective annual interest rate formula to calculate the interest rate for every 2 months.
The annual interest rate = (1 + (basic interest rate ÷ number of compounding years))^(number of compounding periods) - 1
substituting the values in the formula,
Effective annual interest rate = [tex](1 + (0.06 / 6))^6 - 1[/tex]
Effective annual interest rate = [tex](1.01)^6 - 1[/tex]
Effective annual interest rate = 1.061 - 1
Effective annual interest rate = 6.16%
Therefore, we can conclude that the effective annual interest rate is 6.16% when interest is compounded every 2 months.
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Yupi company is considering investing in Project A or Project B. Project A generates the following cash flows: year ""zero"" = 311 dollars (outflow); year 1 = 266 dollars (inflow); year 2 = 319 dollars (inflow); year 3 = 381 dollars (inflow); year 4 = 111 dollars (inflow). Project B generates the following cash flows: year ""zero"" = 230 dollars (outflow); year 1 = 120 dollars (inflow); year 2 = 100 dollars (inflow); year 3 = 200 dollars (inflow); year 4 = 120 dollars (inflow). The MARR is 12 %. Compute the Benefit/Cost ratio of the BEST project.
Project A has a higher Benefit/Cost ratio of 2.29 compared to Project B's B/C ratio of 1.78, making Project A the better project.
How to Compute the Benefit/Cost ratio of the BEST project.Let's calculate the present value (PV) of cash flows for each project and then determine the B/C ratio.
Project A:
PV = -311 + 266/(1+0.12)^1 + 319/(1+0.12)^2 + 381/(1+0.12)^3 + 111/(1+0.12)^4
Project B:
PV = -230 + 120/(1+0.12)^1 + 100/(1+0.12)^2 + 200/(1+0.12)^3 + 120/(1+0.12)^4
Now, we can calculate the B/C ratio for each project:
B/C ratio = PV of cash inflows / PV of cash outflows
B/C ratio for Project A = (PV of cash inflows for Project A) / (-311)
B/C ratio for Project B = (PV of cash inflows for Project B) / (-230)
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can calculate the B/C ratio for each project.
Calculating the PV and B/C ratio, we find:
Project A:
PV = 712.48
B/C ratio = 712.48 / 311 = 2.29
Project B:
PV = 410.01
B/C ratio = 410.01 / 230 = 1.78
Therefore, Project A has a higher B/C ratio of 2.29 compared to Project B's B/C ratio of 1.78, making Project A the better project.
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chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high quality work her boss will never give her a promotion this is an example of
The example of Chesla believing that even though she works long hours and produces high quality work her boss will never give her a promotion in the question is an instance of the concept of learned helplessness.
What is learned helplessness?Learned helplessness is a psychological construct that describes a condition where someone has encountered failure so many times that they believe that there is no way for them to succeed. People that encounter this condition believe that their situation is impossible to overcome, and they become depressed or anxious.
According to the scenario, Chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high-quality work, her boss will never give her a promotion. She is experiencing learned helplessness because she has encountered failure in the past. Hence, the example is an instance of the concept of learned helplessness.
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Total revenue increases as output increases along sections of the demand curve that are: Multiple Choice A.upward sloping B.price elastic C.price inelastic D.downward sloping
Total revenue increases as output increases along sections of the demand curve that are price inelastic.
Price elasticity of demand is a term that refers to the responsiveness of demand to a change in price. When demand is price elastic, it indicates that demand is highly sensitive to changes in price.
In contrast, when demand is price inelastic, it indicates that demand is less sensitive to changes in price.
When the demand curve is price inelastic, total revenue increases as output increases and price decreases.What is the demand curve?The demand curve is a graph that shows how much of a particular good or service consumers are willing to buy at different prices.
The curve is downward sloping, meaning that as the price of the good or service increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
As the price of the good or service decreases, the quantity demanded increases. The point where the demand curve intersects with the supply curve is the equilibrium point, where the price and quantity of the good or service are both stable.
So, option c is the correct answer.
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Oxford Engineering manufactures small engines. The engines are sold to manufacturers who install them in such products as lawn mowers. The company currently manufactures all the parts used in these engines but is considering a proposal from an external supplier to supply the starter assembly used in these engines.
The starter assembly is currently manufactured in Division 3 of Oxford Engineering. Last year, Division 3 manufactured 162,000 starter assemblies, but over the next several years, it is expected that 186,000 assemblies will be needed each year. Per-unit costs related to the starter assembly for last year were as follows:
Direct material $2.50
Direct labor $2.00
Total overhead $4.00
Total $8.50
Further analysis of overhead revealed the following information:
45% of total overhead was variable.
$128,000 of the fixed overhead were allocated costs that will continue even if the production of the starter assembly is discontinued.
Tidnish Electronics, a reliable supplier, has offered to supply starter assembly units at $5.75 per unit. If the company buys the assembly from Tidnish, sales of another product can be increased, resulting in additional contribution margin of $38,000. REQUIRED
1. By how much will Oxford Engineering's total profits change if they decide to buy the starter assembly from Tidnish Electronics instead of making it themselves? (Note: if the buy costs are less than the make costs, enter the difference as a positive number; if the make costs are less than the buy costs, enter the difference as a negative number.)
If Oxford Engineering decides to buy the starter assembly from Tidnish Electronics instead of manufacturing it themselves, the change in the company's total profits would result in a loss of $844,680. This calculation is based on comparing the total cost of manufacturing the assembly in Division 3 with the total cost of purchasing it from Tidnish Electronics.
To manufacture the assembly in-house, the company incurs variable overhead costs of $1.80 per unit and fixed overhead costs of $128,000.
Considering a total manufacturing cost per unit of $10.30, the total cost of producing 186,000 units amounts to $1,914,180.
On the other hand, if the company chooses to buy the assembly from Tidnish Electronics, the total cost per unit is $5.75.
Taking into account the additional contribution margin of $38,000, the total cost of purchasing 186,000 units from Tidnish Electronics equals $1,069,500.
By subtracting the total cost of purchasing from the total cost of manufacturing, we arrive at the loss of $844,680. Therefore, Oxford Engineering would experience a decrease in total profits if they opt to procure the starter assembly from Tidnish Electronics.
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The four major market entry strategies are export, investment, countertrade and agents. True or false
The statement "The four major market entry strategies are export, investment, countertrade, and agents" is true.
Market entry strategies are the different methods that businesses can use to enter into new markets. There are four major types of market entry strategies: export, investment, countertrade, and agents. Exporting involves producing goods or services in one country and selling them in another country. This strategy is generally used by small businesses that want to expand their reach without investing a lot of money in the process.
Investment strategies involve directly investing in a foreign market by establishing a wholly-owned subsidiary, acquiring a local business, or forming a joint venture with a local partner. Countertrade is a strategy that involves exchanging goods or services instead of money. This strategy is typically used in countries where there are currency restrictions or a lack of foreign exchange reserves. Agents or intermediaries are individuals or firms that assist businesses in entering into new markets by providing marketing, distribution, and sales services.
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Actuarially fair insurance Ann is a risk averse individual with the utility function u(w) = w0.5. Her current wealth is $300 and with the probability 0.25 she will incur a huge loss of D = $240, but with the probability 0.75 she will incur no loss. She is considering buying an insurance from the insurance firm "Very fair insurance". a) [2 points] The "Very fair insurance" firm sells the actuarially fair insurance to its customers. What premium would they charge Ann per dollar of insurance? b) [2 points] What is Ann's expected wealth if she insures for the amount I? How does it depend on I? c) [6 points] How much insurance is she going to buy? Is she fully insured? Explain and illustrate on a graph with wealth in the good state (no accident) on the horizontal axis and wealth in the bad state (accident) on the vertical axis.
a) The actuarially fair premium is $9.60 per dollar of insurance.
b) Ann's expected wealth is $234.40 if she insures for $60. It increases as she increases the amount of insurance she buys.
What amount of insurance will Ann buy?c) Ann will buy $60 of insurance. She is not fully insured because she is risk averse and would prefer to have a lower probability of a large loss, even if it means having a lower expected wealth.
Ann's expected wealth increases as she increases the amount of insurance she buys.
However, she will not buy more than $60 of insurance because the expected utility of $60 of insurance is higher than the expected utility of any amount of insurance greater than $60.
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Using the case study and module material, discuss the key downsides or risks that the three UK supermarket chains and Ralph Lauren have been exposed to by outsourcing and/or offshoring their production to suppliers in India.
In recent years, offshoring and outsourcing have become a significant strategy for companies to reduce costs, increase productivity, and improve efficiency. Nevertheless, the method has downsides that may damage a company's reputation and financial situation.
The three UK supermarket chains and Ralph Lauren are some of the companies that have been exposed to various risks and downsides by outsourcing and/or offshoring their production to suppliers in India. Some of these risks and downsides include the following: Quality Control issues: When companies outsource or offshore their production to suppliers in India, they have less control over the quality of the products produced. Thus, they have to rely on their suppliers to ensure the quality of their products. For instance, Ralph Lauren was exposed to quality control risks when one of its suppliers in India was found to be using unauthorized subcontractors who used unapproved materials, which violated the company's standards. Ethical Issues: Outsourcing and offshoring production to countries such as India raises ethical concerns. Some companies may ignore the conditions of their suppliers' workforce, such as underpayment, unsafe working conditions, and other human rights violations. Tesco, for example, was involved in a scandal when it was discovered that its suppliers in India used child labor to produce garments for the supermarket.
Costs of Monitoring: Companies that outsource or offshore production have to spend more money to monitor the quality and ethical standards of their suppliers. The costs of monitoring may be high and may affect the company's financial situation.
In conclusion, outsourcing and offshoring production to suppliers in India have both benefits and risks. While the strategy is a cost-effective way of reducing production costs and increasing efficiency, companies need to be aware of the risks and downsides involved. Quality control issues, ethical issues, and costs of monitoring are some of the key downsides that companies need to consider when outsourcing or offshoring production. Companies that outsource or offshore their production must ensure that they have proper monitoring procedures in place to mitigate the risks associated with the strategy. Moreover, they need to be aware of their suppliers' workforce conditions and ensure that they comply with ethical and legal standards. By taking these steps, companies can reduce the risks associated with outsourcing and offshoring production.
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