Answer:
pre lab information would be the thing you to ressearch the lab to get the information
Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield Lab Report attached
Aldol Condensation Mechanism. Cyclopentanone Reacted With Trans-Cinnamaldehyde
The aldol condensation is a chemical reaction that occurs between a carbonyl compound and an alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound to form a new carbon-carbon bond, resulting in the formation of a new molecule. This reaction is an example of a crossed aldol reaction because the two starting compounds are not structurally similar.
In the case of cyclopentanone reacting with trans-cinnamaldehyde, the reaction occurs in the following steps:
Protonation of the alpha carbon of the trans-cinnamaldehyde by a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). This step creates a resonance-stabilized carbanion intermediate.Attack of the carbanion intermediate on the carbonyl carbon of the cyclopentanone, forming a tetrahedral intermediate.Deprotonation of the intermediate by a base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form the aldol product.Dehydration of the aldol product forms the final product, which is a conjugated enone. This step is typically carried out by heating the mixture in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4).Learn more about Aldol Condensation here: brainly.com/question/27178362
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9. Which group in the periodic table would you expect to lose an outer electron most easily?
Alkaline earth metals
Halogens
Noble gases
Alkali metals
Answer:
alkali metals
Explanation:
alkali metals have only 1 electron in their outer shell so it is easier to lose it
Write Lewis structures for the following molecules or ions. (Assign lone pairs, radical electrons, and atomic charges where appropriate.)F2CNH
Lewis structures of F2CNH is F2 - C - N - H.
The octet rule is a theory that describes how atoms share electrons so that each atom has eight electrons in its outer shell. This idea. is the foundation. of a Lewis. structure. An oxygen. atom, has six electrons. in its outer. shell. The arrangement of the atoms or molecules is given structure by the Lewis Dot Structure, which is represented by a pattern of dots, lines, and atomic symbols. A single atom, a covalent molecule, or a polyatomic ion can all be given a Lewis Dot Structure. The bonding between a molecule's atoms and its lone pairs of electrons is depicted in Lewis structures, also called Lewis-dot diagrams. Lewis structures can be combined with hybrid models to predict molecular geometry.
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According to the nemst equation, when ecell = 0 then: _______
(A) Q=K (B) K=1 (C) AG=0 (D) Ecell = 0
According to the Nerst equation, when Ecell = 0 then : A) Q = K, the nerst equation is then :
log Keq = (n E°) / (0.0592 V)
The Nerst equation is given as follows :
E cell = E°cell - (0.0592 V / n ) log Q
the electrical potential of the cell is depend on the Q, that reaction quotient of the reaction. at equilibrium ΔG = 0 . the reaction quotient Q = K and from the equation , ΔG = -nFE , ans E = 0, now the nerst equation is given as :
0 = E° - ( RT / nF ) ln K
0 = E° - ( 0.0592 V / n) log K
log K = (n E°) / (0.0592 V)
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three different flasks with the same volume and temperature each contain a different gas sample: flask 1: co at 760 torr flask 2: n2 at 250 torr flask 3: h2 at 100 torr what is true about the gas samples? (avg. ke
Flask 3 has higher mean square value.
Flask 1 (CO) – P1 = 760 torr
Flask 2 (N2) – P2 = 250 torr
Flask 3 (H2) – P3 = 100 torr
All these have same volume and temperature
• Average Kinetic Energy:
(K.E.) avg = 3/2 RT
(K.E.) avg ∝ T, here T = Temperature
And all the flask has same temperature
So, they all have same Kinetic Energy.
The root mean square speed (C.R.M.S.) is given by,
CRMS = √ (3RT/Mo) = √ (3PV/Mo), where Mo is the molar mass
From above CRMS ∝ √ (P/Mo)
So, higher molar mass gas molecule has lower crms.
CO = Mo = (Mo)c + (Mo)o = 12 + 16 = 28
N2 = Mo = 2(Mo)N = 2 * 14 = 28
H2 = Mo = 2(Mo)H = 2 * 1 = 2
(Mo): - H2 < N2 = CO
Hence CRMS for Flask 3 > Flask 2 > Flask 1.
So, FLASK 3 has highest CRMS
• Rate of effusion of gas (r) is inversely proportional to square root of density (d)
r ∝ 1 / √d
r ∝ 1 / √ Mo
therefore density (d) = Mo / 2
Mo: H2 < CO = N2
r: H2 > CO = N2
Flask 3 effuses higher than flask 1 & 2.
Thus,
Flask 3 has higher mean square value.
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Does pewter keep drinks cold?
As a hardening agent, pewter is a tin-based alloy with varying quantities of antimony, bismuth, copper, and lead.
Describe pewter.As a hardening agent, pewter is a tin-based alloy with varying quantities of antimony, bismuth, copper, and lead.
Pewter drinkware maintains liquids at their ideal temperatures for a longer period of time, whether they are hot or cold. A Lovely And Enjoyable Lifetime.
Pewter drinkware maintains liquids at their ideal temperatures for a longer period of time, whether they are hot or cold.
Become familiar with pewter.
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Which element has four times as many protons in its nucleus than are found in neon.
Answer:
beryllium atom
Explanation:
An atom with two protons is always a helium atom. If scientists count four protons in an atom, they know it's a beryllium atom.
An atom's electron configuration ends with 3p2. If another atom has eight more electrons, what would be the continuation of the electron configuration?
Answer:
3p6 3d4
Explanation:
3d will come after 3p => 3p 3d
p will hold maximum of 6 electrons while d will hold maximum of 10 electrons.
if there are 8 more electrons to 3p2, then 4 will fill 3p so it will become 3p6
then the other 4 will fill 3d to become 3d4
At the start of the coal combustion experiment, the combined mass of the coal and
oxygen reactants was 100 grams. At the end of the coal combustion experiment, the
mass of the sample was 100 grams. Why does the scale showing the mass at the end
of the reaction give a mass of 100 grams, when there is only a small amount of solid
particles remaining on the scale?
OA. Additional oxygen was created during the combustion reaction
B. Additional coal was created during the combustion reaction.
OC. The mass of the coal particles remaining at the end of the experiment was
100 grams.
The mass of the carbon dioxide gas and other byproducts at the end of the
experiment was 100 grams.
A. Additional oxygen was created
B. Additional coal was created
C. The mass of the coal particles remaining at the end of the experiment was 100 grams
D. The mass of the carbon dioxide gas and other byproducts at the end of the experiment was 100 grams
The system was closed in which combustion experiment conducted. Thus, option D is correct.
What is meant by closed system?A closed system is a system in which there is only transfer of energy is takes place this type of system is known as closed system.
Example - Transfer of heat from a cup of tea.
Mainly there are three type of system.
1:- Open System
2:- Closed System
3:- Isolated System
Open system:-
A system in which there is transfer of both energy and mass these types of system is called as open system.
Example:- Flow of water in a canals
Closed System:-
A system in which there is only transfer of energy is takes place this type of system is known as closed system.
Example - Transfer of heat from a cup of tea.
Isolated system:-
A system in which there is no transfer of energy and mass these type of system is called as isolated system.
Example - A thermo flask
Therefore, the system was closed in which combustion experiment conducted. Thus, option D is correct.
The complete question is : At the start of the coal combustion experiment, the mass was 100 grams. At the end of the coal combustion experiment, the mass was 100 grams. During the combustion experiment, heat was transferred from the reaction vessel to the area surrounding the reaction vessel. What type of system was this combustion experiment conducted in?
A. isolated
B. insulated
C. open
D. closed
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the synthesis of ch3oh(g) from co(g) and h2(g) is represented by the equation above. the value of kc for the reaction at 483 k is 14.5. a mixture of co(g) and h2(g) is pumped into a previously evacuated 2.0 l reaction vessel. the total pressure of the reaction system is 1.2 atm at equilibrium. what will be the total equilibrium pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 l at constant temperature? responses less than 1.2 atm less than 1.2 atm greater than 1.2 atm but less than 2.4 atm greater than 1.2 atm but less than 2.4 atm 2.4 atm 2.4 atm greater than 2.4 atm
According to Boyle's law which is a law for constant temperature the the total equilibrium pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 l is 2.4 atmospheres.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle's law is an experimental gas law which describes how the pressure of the gas decreases as the volume increases. It's statement can be stated as, the absolute pressure which is exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided temperature and amount of gas remains unchanged.
Mathematically, it can be stated as,
P∝1/V or PV=K. The equation states that the product of of pressure and volume is constant for a given mass of gas and the equation holds true as long as temperature is maintained constant.
According to the equation the unknown pressure and volume of any one gas can be determined if two gases are to be considered.That is,
P₁V₁=P₂V₂
Substitution in above equation gives P₂=1.2×2/1=2.4 atmospheres.
Hence, the total equilibrium pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 l is 2.4 atmospheres.
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Based on the differences in electronegativities, with which atom is francium (fr) most likely to form an ionic bond?
Answer: An ionic bond will be most likely formed between francium and chlorine having an electronegativity difference of 2.46.
Explanation:
Why are symbols used in chemistry?
Chemical symbols are used to quickly identify the elements and atoms in a chemical formula and to standardize the "language of science." One or two letters make up chemical symbols, which are most frequently derived from the names of the elements.
Why do symbols have a purpose in chemistry?Since they show the element's stoichiometric amount, symbols are important. They indicate the number of atoms of a specific element that are being consumed or released during a chemical process.
How many symbols are there in chemistry?The 118 chemical elements are included on this list. The element's precise mass in a chemical reaction is represented by the symbol.
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Why do we calculate rms velocity?
The explanation we utilize the rms velocity rather than the normal is that for a commonplace gas test the typical speed is zero since the particles are moving every which way.
What is rms velocity?Root mean square (RMS) velocity is the square base of the amount of the squares of the stack speed values partitioned by the quantity of values. RMS speed is the speed of a wave going through underground developments at various span speeds along a given beam way.
For flat or marginally inclined layers, NMO and stacking speed are equivalent to RMS speed. In any case, in regions with huge parallel speed varieties, the stack velocity contrasts essentially from the RMS speed.
Conduction is the minuscule temperature inclination of the root-mean-square speed of issue. This substance can be either strong, fluid, or gas.
The explanation we utilize the rms velocity rather than the normal is that for a regular gas test the typical speed is zero since the particles are moving every which way.
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Which Of The Following Is The Best Michael Acceptor?
Answer:
I don't know because there is no option !!
How many magnesium atoms are in MgO?
MgO contains three atoms in total, of which one is Mg and one was O.
Therefore, MgO contains only 1 atom of magnesium.
A chemical element was uniquely defined by its atoms, which are tiny pieces of substance. An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or even more electrons with negative charges that orbit it. The positively charged, comparatively hefty protons as well as neutrons that make up the nucleus may be present.
The positively charged nucleus is located in the middle of an atom. It must be composed of two types of closely grouped subatomic particles.
Protons, which possess a positive electric charge, as well as neutrons, that have no electric charge, are just particles.
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QUESTION 39 CH3CO2H is called acetic acid. The name implies that
O a. It does not react with either acids or bases.
O b. It can donate an H+ ion to a base, and forms CH3CO2-
O c. It can react with acids, but does not react with bases.
O d. It can accept an H+ ion from a base, and forms CH3CO2H2+
O e. It can donate an electron to a base, and forms CH3CO2H+
Option B. Acetic acid has the formula C2H4O2. In order to distinguish it from its isomers, it is frequently written with CH3CO2.
Then, is CH3COOH a base or an acid. Because the ions in CH 3 COOH do not fully ionise to release H + ions when they are dissolved in water, it is a weak acid. As a result, there are less hydrogen ions in the acetic acid's final solution, which ultimately results in a weak acid.
Since CH3COOH does not release any OH- ions when dissolved in water, it is not an Arrhenius base. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory for bases, a base is defined as a chemical that absorbs the proton from other molecules and uses it to form a conjugate acid.
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Classify the steps of the mechanism 'as endothermic or exothermic.
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1. define mixtures with examples.
2. mentions the types of mixtures, define them and give 2 examples for each (Include colloids and suspensions too).
1) Mixtures involves substances that are mixed together.
2) Colloids , suspensions and solutions are types of mixtures.
What is a mixture?We know that the term mixture can be used to describe any two substances that are not chemically combined together. In other words, the term mixture has to do with the putting together of substances that would not lead to any change in the individual properties of the substances that have been mixed together. Two common examples of mixtures are blood and air.
There are various types of mixtures that we have and these include;
Solutions: A solution is a mixture because there is no interaction that is going on chemically between the solute and the solvent.
Colloid: A colloid is a kind of mixture that is made up solutes that can still be seen with the optical eye. That is, the solutes are still large enough
Suspension: A suspension is a kind of mixture in which a solute is scattered in the solvent.
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Determine the bond angle for SiO2, BF3, CFCl3, H2CS, CBr4, H2CO, SC2, HB3.
the question ask is to Express your answer using three significant figures...???
thank you!
The bond angle for SiO2 is 120 degrees. The bond angle for BF3 is 120 degrees. The bond angle for CFCl3 is 120 degrees. The bond angle for H2CS is 120 degrees
Bond angle is defined as the relationship between two bonds, or the angle among two orbitals in a complex molecule or ion that contain bonding electron pairs. It is determined by calculating using a spectroscopic method and measured in degrees. The bond lengths in a molecule is the angle formed by three connected nuclei. Electron domains have distinctive angles and structures. A central atom with two electron density regions, for example, is regarded linear with an angle of 180°. More complex structures have multiple angles. Valence bond model says a bent geometry for the molecule of water with a bond angle of 90° because the 2 2p orbitals are at right angles to each other.
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What i the chief difference between two identical clay tile if one i hot and i cold
The chief difference between two identical clay tiles, if one is hot and one is cold, is in the amount of heat energy each contains.
Heat energy is a form of energy that is transferred from one object to another, and in this case, the hot tile contains more heat energy than the cold tile. Heat energy is transferred from one object to another through a process called conduction.
When one object is hotter than another, heat energy is transferred from the hotter object to the cooler object until both objects reach the same temperature. In the case of the two clay tiles, the hotter tile will transfer its heat energy to the cooler tile until the tiles reach the same temperature.
The amount of heat energy each tile has can also be measured. Heat energy is measured in joules, and the hotter tile will have a higher number of joules than the cooler tile. To measure the amount of heat energy each tile contains, a thermometer can be used, which will measure the temperature of each tile and then calculate the amount of heat energy each tile contains.
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What is the percent composition of a compound formed when 6.85 g of magnesium combines with 20.0 g of chlorine to form magnesium chloride?
Answer:
Mass of Magnesium Chloride = 26.85 grams
Percentage of Magnesium= 25.5 %
Percentage of Chlorine =74.5 %
Explanation:
Mass of Magnesium Chloride= Mass of magnesium + Mass of Chlorine 6.85 grams + 20.0 grams = 26.85 grams
Percentage of Magnesium = 6.85 grams/26.85 grams x 100% = 25.5%
Hence, Magnesium = 25.5 %
Percentage of Chlorine = (20.0 grams/26.85 grams) x 100 % = 74.5%
Hence, Chlorine = 74.5 %
So, the compound is 25.5 % magnesium and 74.5 % Chlorine by mass.
How many atoms are in MgO?
There are total 3 atoms in MgO, in which 1 atom is of Magnesium and 1 atom is of Oxygen.
Atom
An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is positively charged and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a positively charged region at the center of the atom. It consists of two types of subatomic particles packed tightly together.
The particles are protons, which have a positive electric charge, and neutrons, which are neutral in electric charge.
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For some reason my bff think's people also use this website for dating is that true?
For some reason my bff think's people also use this website for dating that is true.
What is mean by dating ?to spend time with someone you are in a love connection with on a frequent basis: Before getting married, they were together for five years.A stage of romantic relationships known as dating involves two people participating in an activity together with the goal of determining if they would make a good companion for an intimate relationship down the road.Dating: The 3 Types
Service Dating Duty Dating is practicing your dating techniques; it is not dependent on chemistry.actual dating Real dating occurs when two people are attracted to one other and go on dates, whereas courting occurs when both people are actively seeking a partner.Courtship.To learn more about dating refer to:
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draw a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction
The OH group accepts the proton of sulphuric acid in the described reaction. As a result, one water molecule is removed.
Following the elimination, a secondary carbocation is formed, which undergoes a 1, 2-hydrogen shift to create a more stable tertiary carbocation. Furthermore, the alkene contributes electrons to the tertiary carbocation, resulting in the formation of a cyclic molecule.
The mechanism is shown below:
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what volume of 0.01 m potassium permanganate solution would be required to completely react with 0.50 g of hydrogen peroxide solution
Volume required to completely react the 0.01 m potassium permanganate with 0.50 g of hydrogen peroxide solution was 2.94 mL
The volume required can be calculate as follows
first we should write the balance reaction
H₂O₂ + 2KMnO₄→ 2MnO₂ + 2KOH + 2O₂
then we should calculate the moles of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
moles = mass/ molar mass
moles = 0.50 g / 34 g/ mole
moles= 0.0147 moles
we can use unitary method to calculate the moles of potassium permanganate
moles potassium permanganate = (2/1) x moles H₂O₂ = 2/1 x 0.0147 = 0.0294 moles
as we know the moles we can calculate the volume required
V= n/ M
V = 0.0294 moles/ 0.01 = 2.94 mL
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The chemical formula for hydrogen sulfide is H₂S. What is the mass of hydrogen in 150 g of
H₂S? (H = 1, S = 32)
The chemical formula for hydrogen sulfide is H₂S. The mass of hydrogen in 150 g of 141.2 g. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is mass ?A body's mass is an inherent quality. Prior to the discovery of the atom and particle physics, it was widely considered to be tied to the amount of matter in a physical body.
Simply put, mass is a measurement of a body's amount of matter. Matter is everything that has both volume and mass. Although mass cannot be seen, it can be measured or quantified. Not all matter is visible. Typically, mass is expressed in kilograms, etc.
Molar mass of H₂S
= 1 × 2 + 32
= 34
The mass of hydrogen in 150 g is 141.2 g.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Classify each of the objects as chiral or achiral. Chiral Achiral left ear right foot nail baseball bat wooden spoon glove snail shell Answer Bank
Left ear, right foot, glove, and nail shell are examples of chiral objects; while nail, baseball bat, and wooden spoon are examples of achiral objects.
What are Chiral Objects?Chiral objects are not identical in all respects (that is superimposable) with their mirror image. Chiral objects have a 'handedness', for instance, ears, golf clubs, scissors, feet, hands, gloves, shoes, nail shells, and a corkscrew.
What are Achiral Objects?On the other hand, achiral objects are identical with (superimposable on) their mirror image. Achiral objects do not possess a handedness, for instance, a baseball bat (no writing or logos on it), a wooden spoon, a plain round ball, a pencil, a T-shirt, and a nail.
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Explain the processes involved in the flow of water, both above and below the ground. Be sure to use at least 5 vocabulary terms in your paragraph.
The hydrologic cycle, another name for the water cycle, describes where and how water is kept on Earth.
How the flow of water regulated?In the atmosphere, on the surface of the land, and underground, water is kept in reserve. It could be a gas, a liquid, or a solid. Either fresh or salt water can be a liquid (salty).
Water flows between its storage locations. It flows on both extremely tiny scales and very big scales (via watersheds, the atmosphere, and below the Earth's surface) (in people, in plants, and in other organisms).
Water flows both naturally and as a result of human activity. The motion of water on Earth is sustained by the force of gravity and solar energy. The water cycle is impacted by human activity because it changes where water is.
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Does Cupid have a gender?
They gave him the name Cupid, which is another name for Eros and also means "desire."For the Romans, Cupid was usually a cute little lad who carried out his mother's instructions to make individuals fall in love.
Does Cupid have a female counterpart?Eros (Roman Cupid), the deity of love, and his wife PSYKHE (Psyche), the goddess of a soul.She was originally a mortal princess, and when mankind started to worship her instead of the goddess Aphrodite (Roman Venus), the goddess became enraged.
Who is the daughter of Cupid?According to Apuleius, Voluptas and Volupta is indeed the daughter of Cupid and Psyche in Roman mythology.The Latin term voluptas, which is also known as that of the goddess for "sensual pleasures," signifies "pleasure" or "delight."She frequently hangs out with the Gratiae, also known as the Three Graces.
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What reaction does a vitamin KH2-dependent enzyme catalyze? View Available Hint(s)
O It decarboxylates the y-carbon of a glutamate side chain.
O It carboxylates the y-carbon of an aspartate side chain.
O It carboxylates the ycarbon of a glutamate side chain.
O It carboxylates the ycarbon of a glutamine side chain.
O It carboxylates the P-carbon of a glutamate side chain.
Submit PartQ CoASH is used to activate carboxylic acids. What type of compound is formed between CoASH and a carboxylic acid? View Available Hint(s)
O anhydride
O thioether
O amide
O thioester
O mixed anhydride with phosphate
Submit ▼ Part H What role does ATP play in biotin-dependent enzymes?
O It puts a good leaving group on bicarbonate.
O It provides a strong base.
O It provides a strong nucleophile.
O It delocalizes electrons It reduces bicarbonate.
Submit Request Answer Part F TPP is the coenzyme required by pyruvate decarboxylase. What product is formed in that reaction? View Avallable Hint(s)
O acetaldehyde
O butanal
O formaldehyde
O acetone
O propanal
Submit
The glutamate side chain's gamma carbon is carboxylated by Q1, a vitamin KH2 dependent enzyme, and Q2. A thioester is created when carboxylic acid and coASH interact.
Thioesters are organosulfur compounds having the functional group RSC(=O)R'. By virtue of the thio- prefix, they are implied to be comparable to carboxylate esters (ROC(=O)R'), with the sulphur in the thioester acting as the linking oxygen in the carboxylate ester. Thioesters play a crucial role in metabolism. A notable illustration of this is the metabolism of fatty acids. The main metabolite, acetyl coa, is an ester that is predominantly generated when pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation or when B acids are broken down.
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