NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is directly involved in (C) both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP).
In glycolysis, NAD acts as a coenzyme and plays a crucial role in the redox reactions of the pathway. During the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex] is reduced to NADH. This reduction reaction allows NADH to carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.
In the pentose phosphate pathway, [tex]NADP^{+}[/tex] (a phosphorylated form of NAD) serves as a coenzyme. [tex]NADP^{+}[/tex]is utilized in the oxidative phase of the pathway to facilitate the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to generate NADPH. NADPH is an important reducing agent used in biosynthetic processes, antioxidant defense, and reductive reactions within the cell.
Therefore, NAD is directly involved in both glycolysis (in the form of NADH) and the pentose phosphate pathway (in the form of [tex]NADP^{+}[/tex] and NADPH). The correct answer is option C) both pathways.
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why are species going extinct before we know they exist?
name the two worst extinctions known in Earth’s history.
Explanation:
Permian Triassic ExtincitonLots of places were affected, extinction; in species, vertebrates, etc, etc.
Devonian extinctionExtinction-- in marine species...
How many offspring did generation I have?
Group of answer choices
2
3
4
1
Answer:
2
Explanation:
Because
hi please help i’ll give brainliest
Answer:
Explanation:
13.5 billion years
The image represents the mitosis process and it is important because:
A. produces gametes with half genetic information than parent cell.
B. allows processes as growing and repair tissues in the body.
C. does not produce cells with the same genetic information than parent cell.
D. always produce somatic cells with the same characteristics, it does not matter the organ in the body.
Answer:
B. allows processes as growing and repair tissues in the body.
Explanation:
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. During mitosis one cell divides once to form two identical cells and the dividing cell's chromosomes are copied and then distributed equally between the two new nuclei of the daughter cells.
The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells. It also plays an important part in the development of embryos.
Mitosis is divided into five stages:
1. Interphase- during interphase, the DNA in the cell is copied resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes. Microtubules also extend from the centrosomes outside the nucleus
2. Prophase- during this phase, the sister chromatids in each chromosome pair up, the nuclear membrane dissolves and the mitotic spindle consisting of microtubules and other proteins extend across the cell between the centrioles which move to opposite ends of the cell.
3. Metaphase- the chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and the mitotix spindle attaches to eachmof the sister c hromatids.
4. Anaphase- the sister chtomatids are pulled apart to each end of the cell by the mitotic spindle.
5. Telophase- at each pole, a full set of chromosomes gather together, a membrane encloses each chromosome, the cell pinches at the middle and then divides into two. This is known as cytokinesis.
Which direction does Xylem flow? Phloem?
Answer:
The movement of Xylem is unidirectional and phloem is bidirectional
Explanation:
The tension created by transpiration “pulls” water in the plant xylem, drawing the water upward in much the same way that you draw water upward when you suck on a straw.
Phloem transport is bidirectional because sucrose gets accumulated in the phloem tissue and absorbs water creating a high turgor pressure. ... Hence the water flows from regions of high turgor pressure to low turgor pressure and the direction can be upwards or downwards from the leaves based on the gradient.
BILL NYE NUTRITION VIDEO
You are made of
Answer:
sounds good , but I don't get you
Which of the following characteristics inform anthropologists as to the bipedal status of the australopithecines?
a. evidence of their heel-strike and toe-off locomotion
b. evidence of a convergent hallux (big toe)
c. evidence of lumbar lordosis
d. all of these answers are correct
The following characteristics inform anthropologists as to the bipedal status of the australopithecines is d. all of these answers are correct
Anthropologists have utilized various characteristics to ascertain the bipedal status of the australopithecines. Anthropologists have used several features to determine the bipedal nature of the australopithecines. Evidence of their heel-strike and toe-off locomotion, evidence of a convergent hallux (big toe), and evidence of lumbar lordosis all contribute to their bipedal status.
Because the Australopithecines’ locomotive pattern and anatomical characteristics demonstrate their bipedal nature, they were bipedal. In addition, they have several other anatomical features, such as a backwardly positioned foramen magnum and a modified pelvic structure, that also indicate bipedalism. They walked upright, in a way that was more similar to humans than to apes. So therefore the correct option is d) all of these answers are correct.
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Describe what it means when we say that DNA replication is semi-conservative:
Answer: Semi-conservative replication means that during DNA replication, the two strands of nucleotides separate. Both strands then form the template for free nucleotides to bind to to create the two identical daughter strands. Hence each daughter strand has half of the DNA from the original strand and half newly-formed DNA. brainliest
Explanation:
Three out of the four traits below belong to the same organism. Choose the trait that does NOT belong:
parapod
chaetae
proboscis
spongin
Spongin does not belong to the same organism as the other three traits. Parapod, chaetae, and proboscis are all features commonly found in various organisms, while spongin is specific to a particular group. Here option D is the correct answer.
Parapod refers to a pair of fleshy appendages found in certain annelid worms, such as polychaetes. These structures aid in locomotion and respiration, providing a wide surface area for movement and gas exchange.
Chaetae, also known as setae, are bristle-like structures found in many invertebrates, including annelid worms. They serve multiple functions, such as providing traction for movement, defense, and sensory perception.
Proboscis is a long, tubular structure found in various animals, including insects, mollusks, and some mammals. It is often used for feeding, sucking liquids, or probing for food sources. Examples include the proboscis of a butterfly or the trunk of an elephant.
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Complete question:
Which of the following traits does NOT belong to the same organism?
A) Parapod
B) Chaetae
C) Proboscis
D) Spongin
How many years might primary succession take with medium amounts of rainfall and temperature? Explain why HELPP PLEASE HELP
Answer:
The primary succession process can take hundreds of years to happen, even in medium amounts of rain and temperature.
Explanation:
The primary succession occurs when a community of plants begins to sprout in areas that have never been occupied by any type of living being. The primary succession occurs, for example, with the sprouting of vegetables in rocky outcrops. These plant species are known as primary species and although they are able to survive, these environments offer few resources for the development of living things. Generally, it takes hundreds and even thousands of years for primary succession to occur, even in environments with average temperature and precipitation.
Primary succession takes more than 100 years to occupy with medium amounts of rainfall and temperature.
What do you mean by Succession?Succession is the gradual and continuous replacement of one community by another community over a long period of time.
Primary succession is the succession that is starting for the very first time, where there is no life that existed before. It usually started from a bare area. Examples of primary succession include Igneous rock, Glaciers, etc.
It is associated with the occurrence of new sprouted life forms arising in a given area. This activity requires more than 100 years when there is a sufficient amount of rainfall and temperature is there.
Therefore, Primary succession takes more than 100 years to occupy with medium amounts of rainfall and temperature.
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Which chemical is classified as an enzyme?
a. galactose
b. lipid
c. protease
d. manganese dioxide
Answer:
C. protease
Explanation:
Cell division allows multicellular organisms to grow.
Question 6 options:
True
False
The statement cell division allows multicellular organisms to grow is definitely true.
What do you mean by Cell division?Cell division may be defined as the process by which cells multiply involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
Almost all multicellular organisms use the mechanism of cell division for growth and the proper maintenance and repair of cells as well as tissues.
Therefore, the statement cell division allows multicellular organisms to grow is definitely true.
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Why are water and sunlight two abiotic factors that are important to most organisms?
can someone help me fill this out i have no idea
Answer:
1. Renewable
2. wood
3. Sun ... Wind
4. Water
5. Electricity
Explanation:
Match the combining form ischi(o) with its closest definition. A. Ilium
B. Ischium
C. Hump
D. lamina
The combining form ischi-o with its closest definition is ischium, hence option B is correct.
The closest definition of the combining form ischi-o is ischium. The acetabulum is made up of the three pelvic bones, pubis, ilium, and pubis.
The hip joint is formed by the acetabulum, which connects to the head of the femur and is shaped like a cube or a socket and is located on the side of the pelvis. The hip joint and acetabulum allow us to easily run, walk, and move about.
It is a pair of pelvic bones that define the obturator foramen's inferior and posterior borders, as well as the lower and rear portions of the hip bone.
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I was thinking B or C but i need another opinion
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Option C makes the most sense because it is true.
I hope it helps!!!
The different forms of a gene are called *
O points
gametes
alleles
genes
zygotes
Answer:
An allele is a variant form of a gene. Some genes have a variety of different forms, which are located at the same position, or genetic locus, on a chromosome. Humans are called diploid organisms because they have two alleles at each genetic locus, with one allele inherited from each parent.
Explanation:
Who formulated the Universal law of Gravitation (G)
Answer: Isaac Newton
Explanation: Sir Isaac Newton put forward the universal law of gravitation in 1687 and used it to explain the observed motions of the planets and moons
How did cyanobacteria aid the evolution of complex life on land? Do you think cyanobacteria are as significant to this process today as
they were during Precambrian time?
NEED ASAPPPP ITS TIMED
Cyanobacteria are one of the most ancient groups of photosynthetic organisms. They played a critical role in the evolution of complex life on land by producing oxygen. They are also known as blue-green algae. They have existed on Earth for more than 3.5 billion years and played an essential role in creating Earth's oxygen-rich atmosphere. The emergence of cyanobacteria marks a significant point in Earth's evolution.
The presence of oxygen allowed for the development of complex organisms, including plants and animals. Cyanobacteria aided the evolution of complex life on land by their ability to photosynthesize. They were the first organisms to evolve a complex process that enabled them to use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose.
This process is known as photosynthesis, and it is responsible for the oxygen-rich atmosphere of our planet. Cyanobacteria were the first photosynthetic organisms to produce oxygen. During Precambrian time, cyanobacteria produced more oxygen than any other organism. They were responsible for oxygenating Earth's atmosphere and allowing for the evolution of aerobic organisms.
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during an experiment scientists study a portion of a gene found in the white mouse. they determined that the following sets of codons has been translated into a series of three animo acids shown below
mRNA sequence- GCA-UUA-UCG
amino acids sequince- alanine - leucine - serine
which of the following would be the expected outcome of this same set codons were to be found in humans genes
The human cell would be unable to translate the mRNA codons.
The sequence of amino acids would be completely different in the human.
The amino acid sequence would be identical in the human cell.
The human cell would be converted into a mouse cell.
Answer:
the amino a acid sequence would be identical to human cell
becuuse the codes sequencing is simialr in all animals
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Which of the following is primarily responsible for the expression of different genes on a chromosome?
Transcription factors.
DNA helicase.
DNA polymerase.
Homeostatic regulation.
Answer:
Transcription factors
Explanation:
i just learnd that in biology class...
plants absorb from the atmosphere and release to the atmosphere.
a. true
b. false
a. true. Plants do absorb certain gases from the atmosphere and release certain gases back into the atmosphere through various physiological processes.
One of the most well-known processes is photosynthesis, where plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and release oxygen (O2) as a byproduct.
This is a crucial role that plants play in the carbon cycle and in maintaining the balance of atmospheric gases.
Additionally, plants can also release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases as part of their normal metabolic activities, which can have impacts on air quality and atmospheric chemistry.
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What does this table show?
Answer:
Calm down but i gotchu hope it works
Explanation:
This is the periodic table and it shows both the meatl and non metals in the periodic table also their atomic number and mass
Answer:
The table shows metals and non-metals
Explanation:
The yellow means metal and blue is non-metal. It also shows you where the atomic number and the mass number are on each element.
Although animal nervous systems differ in complexity, their nerve cells are still remarkably similar. true false
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
The nervous system only exists in animals. Neurons are the nerve cells that compose the nervous system.
The neuron´s principal function is to catch stimuli from the exterior convert them into nerve impulses that get transported to the control centers. These control centers interpret the signal and send an answer to the stimuli.
The control centers in invertebrates are ganglia, while the vertebrate´s control centers are the spinal medulla and the encephalon.
The signal transport occurs from cell to cell in inferior animals and through nerves in superior animals.
There is a progressive increase in the complexity of the nervous system. It evolved from primitive animals to the most superior ones. This evolution is especially noticeable in the development of the encephalon as the control center.
However, the basic nerve cell is very similar in all animals.
identify the function of the vacuole. what is the funtion of the vacuole. please explain! i really appreciate it
Answer:
In animal cells: vacuoles are generally used for storage and can have nutrients, water or waste
In plant cells: vacuoles help store water and push against cell wall and keeps the plant rigid.
Explanation:
How might we determine if the trait of albinism is sex-linked?
Answer:
Throught genetics varaition. Crossing over and all
Explanation:
Becuase I said so
Which of the following is NOT used as evidence for evolution?
A
Embryology
B
Allele Frequency
C
Comparative Anatomy
D
DNA Similarities/Differences
Describe Claire’s symptoms. Explain how they were related to metabolism and homeostasis.
How did Claire’s digestion reaction rates tell you that the problem was in her small intestine, and not in her stomach?
Claire's symptoms, related to metabolism and homeostasis, indicated a problem in her small intestine rather than her stomach. The digestion reaction rates suggested that the issue was specific to the small intestine.
Claire's symptoms, not specified in the prompt, were likely indicative of disrupted metabolism and homeostasis. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within an organism to maintain life, while homeostasis involves maintaining a stable internal environment. The symptoms could include difficulties in nutrient absorption, weight loss, imbalanced blood glucose levels, or disrupted electrolyte levels.
Digestion reaction rates provide important clues to pinpoint the source of the problem. The stomach primarily digests proteins using gastric enzymes like pepsin, while the small intestine is responsible for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. If Claire's digestion reaction rates were normal, indicating proper protein digestion, it suggests that the issue lies in the small intestine rather than the stomach. This could imply problems with the production of digestive enzymes, impaired absorption surfaces, or other factors affecting the small intestine's ability to process and absorb nutrients effectively.
In summary, Claire's symptoms suggested a disturbance in metabolism and homeostasis, possibly linked to a problem in her small intestine. The digestion reaction rates pointing towards the small intestine as the issue indicate a specific problem with nutrient digestion and absorption in that region of the digestive system.
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