the illustration below shows a cellular process which of the following is shown in this illustration a gene expression b DNA replication c DNA translation d transcription

Brain imaging techniques such as EEG and fMRI record electrical brain activity that occurs in response to the an auditory or visual stimulus.

Electroencephalography (EEG) as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) both are highly effective methods for evaluating human brain function. The combination's unique appeal stems from the fact that the both methods seem to be complementary in fundamental ways. 

EEG provides high temporal resolution and is a direct measurement of neural mass activity. FMRI is an indirect method of measuring neural activity that is based on hemodynamic changes and has a high spatial resolution. Both methods are very sensitive to changes in synaptic activity, implying that the same neural events can be characterized with high temporal and spatial resolution using simultaneous EEG and fMRI. Because EEG-measured neural oscillations are a key mechanism for multi-site communication in the brain, EEG-fMRI can provide new insights into the connectivity mechanisms of brain networks.

The acquisition of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at the same time is a very promising non-invasive technique for studying human brain function.

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Gene expression is the process of turning genes on or off. Gene expression can occur at any point of the transcription-translation process but most often occurs at the transcription level.

Gene expression is the process of turning genes on or off. Proteins that can be activated by other cells and signals from the environment are called transcription factors. Transcription factors bind to regulatory regions of the gene and increase or decrease the level of transcription. Other mechanisms of gene regulation include regulating the processing of RNA, the stability of mRNA and the rate of translation.

Turning the correct genes on and off is an essential component to maintaining a cell’s functionality. Only some of a cell's genes are translated and expressed (transcribed) by the cell. By activating or deactivating the expression of the proper genes, cells respond to environmental cues. Gene regulation is the process of turning genes on or off. Gene expression can occur at any point of the transcription-translation process but most often occurs at the transcription level.

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The biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors behind psychological disorders always are different and they exhibit symptoms in order that these types of disorders may emerge.

The factors behind psychological disorders are diverse and they include biological, psychological, and sociocultural risk factors associated with the emergence of such problems.

For example, a traumatic situation such as the death of a family member may be the trigger that initiates the emergence of psychological disorders such as depression, which is one of the most common types of mental cognitive disorders affecting people around the world.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the factors behind psychological disorders are diverse and always one of them should prevail to initiate a  psychological disorder in a normal healthy individual, thereby it is important to consider biological, psychological, and sociocultural risk factors in the development of these cognitive problems.

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the following should be labeled with the patient's name, the date and time of collection, and the initials of the person collecting the specimen :  

-Specimen

-collection tubes

-Slides

To ensure accurate sample identification, proper specimen labeling is essential. Scan evey labeled container with an electronic handheld device to accomplish the collection process. Complete the collection process in the computer system for every effectively collected sample if not using an electronic hand-held device.

To safeguard patients from harm caused by incorrectly labeled specimens, laboratory policy requires that proper labeling requirements be met at all times. Every specimen brought to the laboratory must be labeled on the container it is kept in.

To ensure patient safety, it is critical to correctly identify patients and label specimens. If a specimen is not correctly identified, it can result in delayed or incorrect diagnoses, missed or incorrect treatments, blood transfusion errors, and other problems.

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Cells obtain the energy needed for their vital functions by breaking high energy bonds in a compound.

Organic molecules needed for the production of cell components and tissues must be obtained from food. The main source of organic carbons in the body tissue is carbohydrates or sugars. Digestible carbohydrates are eventually converted into glucose and utilized to provide energy via metabolic pathways during digestion.

To yield and retain the biological order that allows them to survive, cells necessitate a constant supply of energy. This cell energy is obtained from the chemical bond energy in food molecules, and it is used to power cells.

Cells use ATP as their energy currency. It enables cells to temporarily store energy and transport it within themselves to assist endergonic chemical reactions. ATP has the structure of an RNA nucleotide with three phosphate groups connected.

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genetic susceptibility Having certain medical conditions, such as obesity or uncontrolled diabetes before and during pregnancy embryo or fetus and the type of defect are influenced.

Some pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, tobacco, chemicals, alcohol, some diseases, and in some situations, unmanaged health issues in the expectant parent are examples of common teratogens.

Physical agents, metabolic circumstances, infections, and finally, medications and chemicals, are the four categories into which teratogens are divided. The Greek word meaning monstrous.

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The two organelles from the cell body that are involved in preparing for the release of neurotransmitters are the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.

The neuron's cell body contains a nucleolus, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, endosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. A vesicle is a tiny sac made of a membrane that contains liquid. This facilitates the movement of materials into or out of the cell.

In neurons, the vesicle helps to transport and store the neurotransmitter. The ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the location where the proteins that make up the vesicles are produced. Vesicle biosynthesis starts once this protein migrates from the smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus. From there, the vesicles will bud off and be transported to the neuron terminal to become neurotransmitter vesicles.

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The primary function of this kind of molecule is best described as it transfers things across the cell membrane.

The arrangement of the amino acids determines the precise function and characteristic 3-dimensional structure of each protein. The order of genes determines the combinations of three DNA building blocks (nucleotides) that code for amino acids.

In cells, proteins perform a variety of tasks. They function as enzymes that promote structural integrity, control how substances flow through cell membranes, ward off sickness, and organize cell signaling pathways.

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If the organism secretes an excess of ADH, urine would be less diluted and showing a bright yellow color due to salts concentration. Options: less water in it and bright yellow.

Anti Diuretic Hormone is a molecule that helps kidneys to control water loss through urine.

The ADH, also known as vasopressin hormone, is released by changes in serum osmolarity or blood volume. Its function is to keep homeostasis and make kidneys conserve or keep water by concentrating urine and by reducing its volume. Through these actions, the antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorption, according to the organism's needs.

When the organism secretes too much ADH, the body retains too much water, and blood volume increases.

In these cases, urine would have less water and would be bright yellow because there would be a higher concentration of salts and other waste elements.  

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The native bird population will probably serve as the study's control group.

What does the term "native birds" mean?

Native bird refers to any individual of a species of the Aves class that is native to Antarctica or visits periodically as a result of natural migrations, as defined in this part's subpart D.

What does a bird represent spiritually?

In countless cultures around the world, birds have represented luck, health, wealth, fertility, love, truthfulness, and a variety of other things.

Are birds significant to native cultures?

Indigenous cultures value their connections to familiar birds. It demonstrates our ties to the earth. The "inheritance" is this extensive cultural knowledge.

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The Most Recent Common Ancestor Of A Mushroom And A Sponge the branch point at which the lineages leading to these two species diverge.

In evolutionary biology, common ancestor refers to when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. According to contemporary evolutionary biology, all living beings are descended from a single ancestor known as the last universal common ancestor of all life on Earth.

Follow each taxon's lineage back in time (towards the base of the tree) until all the lineages meet up to find the most recent common ancestor of a group of taxa on a phylogenetic tree. Their most recent common ancestor is represented by that node.

The Most Recent Common Ancestor Of A Mushroom And A Sponge the branch point at which the lineages leading to these two species diverge.

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Clostridium perfringens is found greatly in the environment in soil, rotting greenery and marine sediment, as well as in the intestinal tract of creatures. The bacteria can create endospores, apt of surviving adverse conditions for long periods of time.

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is

critical gastroenteritis induced by ingestion of contaminated food. Signs are watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Diagnosis is by identifying C. perfringens in infected food or in stool. Thus, Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is critical gastroenteritis caused by ingestion of contaminated food.

Clostridium perfringens bacteria are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. CDC estimates that the bacterium causes nearly 1 million foodborne illnesses in the United States every year. C. perfringens makes spores, which are inactive forms of the bacterium that help it survive heat, dryness, and other environmental conditions. C. perfringens spores can transform into active bacteria, which multiply in the food. After someone eats food containing C. perfringens, it can produce a toxin (poison) that causes diarrhea.

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An ecosystem is a group of living things and the natural surroundings in which they live.

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Answer:

animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

Explanation:

This statement plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do is incorrect as plant cells have do have mitochondria and animal cells do not have a rigid cell wall.

This statement plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes is incorrect as both plant cells and animal cells have rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes and a golgi apparatus.

This statement: animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles is incorrect as animal cells do not have a cell wall and a large central vacuole.

Bacterial cell division in three stages whereas eukaryotes divide their cells in just two stages.

Prokaryotes divide their cells in three stages DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and chromosome separation whereas eukaryotes divide their cells in just two stages nuclear division and cytoplasmic division, often known as cytokinesis.

There are two different categories of cell division mechanisms in eukaryotes. Meiosis is the reproductive cell division in eukaryotic cells, while mitosis is the vegetative cell division. On the other hand, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) often exclusively exhibit binary fission, a type of vegetative cell division.

Prokaryotic cell division occurs through binary fission, whereas eukaryotic cell division can happen either through mitosis or meiosis. This is the main distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division.

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A front paws of cats are similar to the wings of a bat. The term "homologous" mean Cat feet and bat wings share the common ancestor that had a limb with such a bone structure comparable to that of cat legs.

A protein collagen use to forms the structure of the bones, as well as the  calcium, a mineral, gives the framework hardness and strength. When the other body parts has been require calcium, bones transfer some of the calcium they have stored into the blood.

RNA may be found in any biological tissue which has not yet degraded. One of the finest areas to find DNA from decaying human remains is in bones. DNA can typically be extracted from the flesh once it has rotted.

Therefore, A front paws of cats are similar to the wings of a bat. The term "homologous" mean Cat feet and bat wings share the common ancestor that had a limb with such a bone structure comparable to that of cat legs.

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None of the potential answers are correct. The addition of E. coli organisms to a medium containing lactose and glucose.

Compared to glucose, lactose can be broken down more gradually and with less energy. But if lactose is the sole sugar present, E. coli will start utilizing it right once. For the bacteria to use lactose, the lac operon genes, which encode crucial enzymes for lactose absorption and processing, must be expressed.

Adding glucose to the media will prevent E. coli cells from absorbing lactose since glucose is their preferred carbon source. The lac-operon will consequently be inhibited in these bacterial cells. B.

In the presence of both glucose and lactose, lactose binds to the repressor and prevents it from binding to the operator region. Because of this, some mRNA is produced and the restriction on lac gene transcription is lifted.

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The osteoblasts in the bone secrete osteocalcin in the pancreas to change their activity this justifies the claim that osteocalcin is a hormone

Osteocalcin is a hormone that is secreted and influences matrix mineralization and global metabolism. Osteocalcin governs glucose metabolism via an endocrine loop between the bone and the pancreas. Osteocalcin has been identified as a hormone. Bone is classified as an endocrine organ. The decarboxylated form of osteocalcin acts as a hormone. Osteocalcin is involved in the regulation of glucose, skeletal muscle operation, brain function, male fertility, hepatic steatosis, and arterial calcification. Increased osteocalcin levels indicate increased bone turnover.

Osteocalcin is only secreted by osteoblasts and has only minimal impacts on bone mineralization and density. Instead, it has been shown to regulate several physiological processes in an endocrine manner, including glucose homeostasis and physical performance, brain development, cognition, and male fertility.

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Complete question :

Hormones are chemical signals that are released by cells in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream to signal cells in another part of the body. Insulin is a hormone that is released by the pancreas that induces the uptake of glucose molecules from the bloodstream into cells. In this way, insulin lowers the overall blood glucose levels of the body. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are two types of bone cells that play a role in regulating blood glucose levels (Figure 1).

Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor on osteoblasts activates a signaling pathway that results in osteoblasts releasing a molecule, OPG, that binds to the neighboring osteoclasts. In response, the osteoclasts release protons (H+) and create an area of lower pH outside the cell. This low pH activates osteocalcin, a protein secreted in an inactive form by osteoblasts.

The Esp gene encodes a protein that alters the structure of the insulin receptor on osteoblasts and interferes with the binding of insulin to the receptor. A researcher created a group of osteoblasts with an Esp mutation that prevented the production of a functional Esp product (mutant). The researcher then exposed the mutant strain and a normal strain that expresses Esp to glucose and compared the levels of insulin in the blood near the osteoblasts (Figure 2)

Based on the information provided, which of the following best justifies the claim that osteocalcin is a hormone?

The RB protein in the tumor cells most likely d)binds to E2F, thereby promoting uncontrolled cell division. So, correct option is d.

The retinoblastoma protein (protein name truncated pRb; quality name contracted Rb, RB or RB1) is a proto-oncogenic cancer silencer protein that is broken in a few significant cancers. One capability of pRb is to forestall unnecessary cell development by hindering cell cycle movement until a phone is prepared to partition.

At the point when the cell is prepared to partition, pRb is phosphorylated, inactivating it, and the cell cycle is permitted to advance. It is likewise an enrollment specialist of a few chromatin renovating proteins, for example, methylases and acetylases.

pRb has a place with the pocket protein family, whose individuals have a pocket for the useful restricting of other proteins. Ought to an oncogenic protein, for example, those created by cells tainted by high-risk kinds of human papillomavirus, tie and inactivate pRb, this can prompt disease.

Hence, correct option is d.

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(Complete question) is:

Sequencing of DNA from tumor sample reveals that one allele of RB has been deleted and the other allele contains missense mutation The RB protein in the tumor cells most likely Multlple Cholce

a) binds to EZF, but has no effect on cell division.

b)does not bind t0 EZF, resulting In Inhlbitlon of cell division does not bind to EZF,

c)resulting in uncontrolled cell division:

d) binds to EZF; thereby promoting uncontrolled cell division:

e)binds to EZF thereby inhibiting cell division:

Your anwser is A. Anterior.

You are out at night and hear a sound in the bushes. the electrical signal carrying this information to carrying this information to your brain is carried first by Sensory neuron.

What is sensory neuron?

A sensory neuron (also known as an afferent neuron) is a type of nerve cell that perceives and responds to external information. Sensory neurons acquire information from their receptors in the peripheral nervous system and transform it into electrical impulses. These impulses serve as signals, and they are sent to the central nervous system. This information is then received and processed by the spinal cord and brain.

Sensory neurons receive and transfer information from the peripheral nervous system to a more central site in the central nervous system, such as the spinal cord or the brain.

The signal is transduced in the sensory receptor at the dendritic end of the neuron. This is the point at which the new signal is produced in response to a stimulus, such as a scent, touch, or taste.

Hence, sensory neuron carries electrical signal.

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The embryonic disc is covered in thousands of growing blood arteries and developed components.

D is the ideal choice.

The big and tiny arteries that carry blood away from the heart can split. Large arteries, which are thicker and more elastic to withstand the high pressures, are subjected to the highest blood flow pressure.

Blood vessels called arteries transport the body's oxygen-rich blood from the heart. Veins are blood vessels that return the body's low oxygen blood to the heart for reoxygenation.

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The following is not an example of common evolutionary ancestory for cell signalling : Both plant and animal cell plastids code for cell membrane receptors

Cell signaling, also known as cell communication, is a cell's capacity to receive, process, and transfer information with its surroundings and with itself. Cell signaling is a fundamental characteristic of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular life.

Depending on the ligand's origin the cell receptor and ligand interplay and cell signaling pathway activation are classified into four types based on the origin of the ligand: autocrine, endocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine. All cell signaling molecules work by binding with cell receptors expressed on the surface of their target cells. These receptors are often demonstrated on the target cell's surface, but some are intracellular proteins found in the cytosol or nucleus.

Cell signaling is at the heart of critical cellular actions such as development, cell growth and division, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, and it essentially provides the coordination required for multicellular organisms to function.

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The environment determines how the genotype is expressed. The environment influences gene activity, which leads to a change in the phenotype of fur color.

Coloration of the fur of Himalayan rabbits is regulated by gene C. The rabbit raised at 20°C (left) has pigmentation on its ears, nose, and paws because the gene is active when environmental temperatures are between 15 and 25°C. These areas are where the rabbit's body loses the most heat. Because gene C is dormant at temperatures above 30°C, the rabbit raised in this environment (on the right) lacks fur pigmentation.

Gene expression for fur color in Himalayan rabbits is influenced by temperature. The follicle cells taken from Himalayan rabbits tend to die when kept at warmer temperatures. Himalayan rabbits use fur color to communicate fitness during the breeding season.

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Bottom trawling -Drag a net along ocean bottom

OR

Drag a line with hooks along bottom

• Catches many nontarget species* (bycatch)

• Benthic habitat destruction

The goal of commercial fishing is to make money by catching and selling fish. Unlike subsistence fishing, which is typically done to feed the fisher and their family, it is distinct from subsistence fishing. Fish farming, which involves growing fish in a regulated environment for profit, is a form of commercial fishing. These massive, commercial fishing operations kill trillions of fish annually while denying fish awareness and the capacity for pain.

In trawling, a large net is fastened to the back of a ship. The ship moves through the ocean while the net catches fish as it goes. Depending on how deep the net is in the water, trawling can be either bottom or midwater.

Anchovies, tuna, and shrimp are the principal species that are typically caught in midway or pelagic trawling, where the net is set on the open ocean's surface. Fish are caught by bottom trawling from deeper water. Fish living near to the seabed are caught with other marine life in demersal trawling but are caught along the sea floor in benthic trawling.

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39 chromosomes involve at the cell poles as a result. They decreases from 2n (diploid) to n (haploid). They then go through meiosis II, results in 4 haploid daughter cells, with half several chromosomes as the parent cell.

A single cell has been splits twice during the meiotic process, leaving four cells with half of its original genetic material. These cells sperm in men and eggs in women are our sex cells.

When DNA is broken, the G2 checkpoint prevents cells from initiating mitosis, giving the chance for healing and limiting the reproduction of damaged cells. Understanding the molecular origins of cancer requires a focus on the G2 checkpoint since it helps to the creation of genomic stability.

Therefore, They then go through meiosis II, results in 4 haploid daughter cells, with half several chromosomes as the parent cell.

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The statement which is not true of iodine is c)Children with a mild iodine deficiency will have goners and perform poorly in school. So, option C is correct.

Iodine deficiency is an absence of the minor component iodine, a fundamental nutrient in the eating regimen. It might bring about metabolic issues, for example, goiter, once in a while as an endemic goiter as well as inherent iodine lack condition because of untreated intrinsic hypothyroidism, which brings about formative deferrals and other medical issues. Iodine deficiency is a significant worldwide medical problem, particularly for rich and pregnant ladies. It is likewise a preventable reason for scholarly inability.

Iodine is a fundamental dietary mineral for neurodevelopment among youngsters. The thyroid chemicals thyroxine and triiodothyronine contain iodine. In regions where there is little iodine in the eating routine, ordinarily far off inland regions where no marine food varieties are eaten, iodine lack is normal. It is likewise considered normal in rocky locales of the existence where food is filled in iodine-unfortunate soil.

Hence, option C is correct.

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(Complete question) is:

Which of the following statements is NOT true of iodine?

a) lodine is an integral part of thyroid hormone.

b) Plants of the cabbage family naturally contain goitrogens, which stimulate iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, increasing its hormone production

c)Children with a mild iodine deficiency will have goners and perform poorly in school

d) A woman with a severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give birth to a child with cretinism, which is characterized by an extreme and irreversible mental impairment and sturned physical growth

The fraction of offspring that are predicted to have the genotype xxyyzz = 1/64

Cross: XxYyZz  x  XxYyZz

Gametes: XYZ, XyZ, XYz, Xyz, xYZ, xyZ, xYz, xyz

                 XYZ, XyZ, XYz, Xyz, xYZ, xyZ, xYz, xyz

Performing a Punnett square would be too extensive. So we can think about an easier way.

We know that the three genes assort independently from each other. So we can analyze each trait separately, to get

the genotypic proportion of the offspring.

F1) 1/4 XX, 1/2 Xx, 1/4 xx

F1) 1/4 YY, 1/2 Yy, 1/4 yy

F1) 1/4 ZZ, 1/2 Zz, 1/4 zz

So, to get all the possible genotypic proportions of the progeny, for each combination, we must multiply their respective genotypic proportions. For instance,

Genotype                Proportion

XXYYZZ                  1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/64

XXYyZZ                   1/4 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/32

XXYYZz                   1/4 x 1/4 x 1/2 = 1/32

XXYyZz                    1/4 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/16

And so on until you complete all the possible combinations.

We are asked about the fraction of offspring that are predicted to have the genotype xxyyzz. So, following what we  did before, we just need to multiply the proportions only for homozygous recessive genotypes. This is

Hence, Genotype Proportion xxyyzz 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/64

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Vygotsky theory emphasizes on social interactions in cultural contexts in a child's development.

Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) was a Russian psychologist who argued that culture has a major impact on a child's cognitive development. Vygotsky's theory is the idea that infants develop new social and cognitive skills through interactions with older individuals. Vygotsky outlined three main concepts related to cognitive development: (i) culture is significant in learning, (ii) language is the root of culture, and (iii) individuals learn and develop within their role in the community. He believed social negotiation was essential for building knowledge and understanding concepts. A simple and concrete example of this is when we help children learn to ride a bicycle - first with training wheels, then as we hold the bicycle steady for them (with some verbal coaching as well), and finally without any help, as children ride independently.

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