The correct option is c. Ra = GPP - NPP. Autotrophic respiration refers to the energy used by autotrophs (organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis) to carry out their metabolic processes.
Respiration is the process by which organisms obtain energy from the breakdown of organic molecules and exchange gases with the environment. In simple terms, it is the process of breathing. It occurs in multiple steps, including inhalation, where oxygen is taken in, and exhalation, where carbon dioxide is expelled.
In cellular respiration, which takes place within cells, organic molecules are broken down to release energy. This energy is captured in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency of cells. Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. In organisms with lungs, like humans, respiration involves the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and the bloodstream.
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