The government starts to build more infrastructures (roads, bridges, ports, and airports) would increase potential GDP. Option B is the correct answer.
Potential GDP is the amount of production that a country's economy is capable of producing at a certain inflation rate. Estimating potential gross domestic product yields a potential production estimate. Labor market expansion, market efficiency, liquidity, and government policies all have an impact on capital accumulation, or stock. Option B is the correct answer.
The following factors have the greatest impact on potential gross domestic product Plants, machinery, and other production-enhancing assets comprise capital stock. It might rise if more workers enter the workforce, more capital is added to the economy, or the current labor force and capital assets become more productive. It might rise if more workers enter the workforce, more capital is added to the economy, or the current labor force and capital assets become more productive.
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"Process costing is like rolling a snowball into a snowman." Do
you agree with this statement? If you agree, explain why (maximum
100 words).
Process costing and rolling a snowball into a snowman have a similarity in the sense that both involve incremental additions to an initial entity.
In process costing, production costs are accumulated and allocated to each production unit incrementally as it passes through various stages of production. Similarly, when rolling a snowball into a snowman, it starts small and gathers more snow, incrementally building up its size and shape.
Both process costing and rolling a snowball require careful attention to detail and consistent effort to ensure a successful outcome. In the end, both result in a finished product that is the sum of its incremental parts.
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Please describe the risk management process
The risk management process involves identifying, assessing, prioritizing, and mitigating risks to minimize their potential impact on an organization's objectives.
1. Risk Identification: This step involves identifying potential risks that could affect the organization's operations, projects, or objectives. Risks can be internal (such as operational, financial, or strategic risks) or external (such as regulatory, market, or environmental risks).
2. Risk Assessment: Once risks are identified, they need to be assessed to determine their likelihood of occurrence and potential impact.
3. Risk Analysis: In this step, a deeper analysis of each identified risk is conducted. This includes assessing the root causes, triggers, and potential vulnerabilities associated with the risks.
4. Risk Evaluation: Based on the analysis, risks are evaluated to determine their overall significance and prioritize them for further action.
5. Risk Treatment: Once risks are evaluated, appropriate risk treatment strategies are selected.
6. Risk Monitoring and Review: After implementing risk treatment strategies, it is essential to continuously monitor and review the effectiveness of these measures.
7. Communication and Reporting: Transparent reporting helps in decision-making, maintaining accountability, and fostering a risk-aware culture within the organization.
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Corporate and Personal Choices Regarding the Environment of the Future.
The car manufacturer Tesla is developing new technologies to allow people to reduce their carbon footprint. In addition to a line of electric cars, the company makes other renewable energy products, such as roofing tiles that act as solar energy panels, and promotes longer-term projects such as the Hyperloop, a high-speed train project jointly designed by Tesla and SpaceX.
Of course, if businesses are to succeed in selling environmentally friendly products, they must have consumers willing to buy them. A homeowner has to be ready to spend 20 percent more than the cost of a traditional roof to install solar roofing tiles that reduce the consumption of electricity generated by fossil fuels. Although solar panels can reduce your carbon footprint, the tiles are much more expensive than standard roofing tiles.
Another personal decision is whether to buy a $35,000 Tesla Model 3 electric car. While it reduces the driver’s carbon footprint, it requires charging every 250 miles, making long-distance travel a challenge until a national system of charging stations is in place.
Tesla’s founder, Elon Musk, is also the founder of SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer that produces and launches the only space-capable rockets currently in existence in the United States. Thus, when NASA wants to launch a rocket, it must do so in partnership with SpaceX, a private company. It is often the case that private companies develop important advances in technology, with incentives from government such as tax credits, low-interest loans, or subsidies. This is the reality of capital-intensive, high-tech projects in a free-market economy, in which government spending may be limited for budgetary and political reasons. Not only is SpaceX making the rockets, but it is making them reusable, with long-term sustainability in mind.
Should corporations and individual consumers bear joint responsibility for sustaining the environment? Why or why not?
What obligation does each of us have to be aware of our own carbon footprint?
If individual consumers have some obligation to support environmentally friendly technologies, should all consumers bear this responsibility equally? Or just those with the economic means to do so? How should society decide?
A. Should corporations and individual consumers bear joint responsibility for sustaining the environment? Why or why not?
Yes, both corporation and individual consumers should share the responsibility of protecting the environment. Businesses have a huge impact on the environment through their operations, production process and product or service they offer. While, individual consumers contribute to environmental degradation through their consumption patterns. Therefore, both the parties needs to work together to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainability.
B. What obligation does each of us have to be aware of our own carbon footprint?
Each individual has an obligation to be aware of our own carbon footprint and to take necessary actions to reduce it. This includes such as being mindful of our energy use, transportation choices, and consumption patterns. By reducing our carbon footprint, we can help to reduce the impacts of climate change and protect the environment.
C. If individual consumers have some obligation to support environmentally friendly technologies, should all consumers bear this responsibility equally? Or just those with the economic means to do so? How should society decide?
All consumers should have some responsibility to support green and sustainable technology, but the degree of that responsibility may vary according to their economic capacity. Each one of us can contribute to change in their daily life regardless of economic status. Societies can choose how to distribute this responsibility through government policies, market mechanisms and social norms.
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Which of the following statements about the cost of capital is false?
a) As the firm raises more and more capital, market efficiency would indicate that the firm’s marginal weighted-average cost of capital should fall.
b) If the firm needs more funding than can be supported by retained earnings, the firm’s weighted-average cost of capital (WACC. will increase.
c) Assuming constant risk, the firm’s marginal WACC is the correct discount rate to use in making capital budgeting decisions.
d) If a firm earns exactly the marginal cost of capital on its new investment projects, it will satisfy the return requirements of its creditors and equity investors.
The false statement about the cost of capital is as the firm raises more and more capital, market efficiency would indicate that the firm’s marginal weighted-average cost of capital should fall. Option a is correct.
The cost of capital is the amount of money a company must spend to finance its operations. The cost of capital reflects the cost of all forms of financing, such as equity, debt, and preferred stock. The cost of capital is calculated by weighting the cost of each form of capital by its relative weight in the company's capital structure.
The weighted cost of capital (WACC) is the weighted average of the cost of each form of capital. A firm's cost of capital is a crucial financial metric. It is used in capital budgeting decisions to assess the financial feasibility of projects and determine the required rate of return. It's also utilized to determine the present value of future cash flows.
Therefore, a is correct.
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Describe the potential effects of a raising interest rate on
at least three different industries, respectively, and explain why.
(i.e. housing, stock, gold, international trade, etc.)
Raising interest rates can have various effects on different industries as:
1. Housing industry - increased mortgage rate, decreased affordability and slowdown in construction.
2. Stock Market - Increased borrowing costs for companies, Shifting investor preferences and Impact on sectors.
3. International Trade - Exchange rate impact, Capital flows and Debt burden on emerging economies
1. Housing Industry:
Raising interest rates can impact the housing industry in the following ways:
Mortgage rates increase: When interest rates rise, mortgage rates tend to follow suit. This makes borrowing more expensive, leading to higher monthly mortgage payments. As a result, demand for housing may decrease, especially among first-time home buyers or those with limited budgets.Decreased affordability: Higher mortgage rates can reduce the affordability of homes, potentially leading to a decrease in home sales and slower price growth in the housing market.Slowdown in construction: Higher interest rates can also impact the construction industry as developers and builders may face increased borrowing costs. This could result in a slowdown in new construction projects and, consequently, reduced job opportunities in the construction sector.2. Stock Market:
Raising interest rates can influence the stock market in the following ways:
Increased borrowing costs for companies: As interest rates rise, companies face higher costs when borrowing money to fund expansion, research, or other business activities. This can lead to reduced profitability and, consequently, lower stock prices.Shifting investor preferences: When interest rates rise, some investors may shift their investment allocations from stocks to bonds or other fixed-income securities, seeking safer investments that provide higher yields. This can put downward pressure on stock prices.Impact on sectors: Rising interest rates may disproportionately affect certain sectors, such as financial institutions, which typically benefit from higher interest rates due to increased lending margins. Conversely, sectors like real estate investment trusts (REITs) that rely heavily on borrowing may face challenges as borrowing costs rise.3.International Trade:
Raising interest rates can have the following effects on international trade:
Exchange rate impact: Higher interest rates can attract foreign investors seeking better returns on investments. This can lead to an increase in the value of the domestic currency as demand for it rises. A stronger currency makes exports relatively more expensive and imports cheaper, potentially leading to a decrease in exports and an increase in imports.Capital flows: Higher interest rates in one country can attract capital from foreign investors seeking higher yields. This can result in an increase in capital flows into the country, potentially boosting investment and economic growth.Debt burden on emerging economies: Emerging economies often rely on borrowing in foreign currencies. When interest rates rise, the cost of servicing their debt increases, potentially putting strain on their economies and making it more difficult for them to import goods and services.To know more about mortgage, visit https://brainly.com/question/1318711
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In this PROJECT you have to demonstrate that you have led a team of professionals and have implemented an improved practice in one learning environment. The learning environment could be one division or department in your chosen organization, any other organization, or a vocational training institution in Australia. In your project you must show that you have done (with your team) -
An evaluation of ways in which to improve learning practice (students need to show evaluation methods)
How the process was managed and monitored (monitoring tools used, strategies adopted to manage, research done etc.)
Plan improved learning practice (based on learners’ attributes i.e. style, experience etc.)
How improved learning practice was advocated (given active support and recommended)
How colleagues were mentored to promote learning practice (discuss the procedures, support provided etc.)
Finally prepare a PRESENTATION for your organization to brief everything that you have done.
The order to demonstrate that you have led a team of professionals and implemented an improved practice in a learning environment, there are a few key steps that you need to follow.
These steps are as follows:Step 1: Identify the Learning EnvironmentFirstly, you need to identify the learning environment that you are going to be working in. This could be one division or department in your chosen organization, any other organization, or a vocational training institution in Australia. Once you have identified the learning environment, you need to familiarize yourself with it and identify areas where you can make improvements.Step 2: Identify the TeamOnce you have identified the learning environment, you need to identify the team that you will be working with. This team should consist of professionals who are familiar with the learning environment and have the necessary skills and experience to make improvements.Step 3: Develop an Improved PracticeOnce you have identified the team, you need to work with them to develop an improved practice. This could involve developing new policies and procedures, implementing new training programs, or introducing new technologies. It is important that the improved practice is evidence-based and that it has been tested and validated before it is implemented.Step 4: Mentor Colleagues to Promote Learning PracticeOnce the improved practice has been developed and implemented, you need to mentor colleagues to promote learning practice. This involves providing training and support to colleagues to help them understand and implement the improved practice. It is important to document the procedures and support provided to colleagues.Step 5: Prepare a PresentationFinally, you need to prepare a presentation for your organization to brief everything that you have done. This presentation should provide an overview of the learning environment, the team that you worked with, the improved practice that was developed and implemented, and the procedures and support that were provided to colleagues. It should also include a discussion of the outcomes that were achieved and the lessons that were learned.
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Answer all parts (a) to (e) of this question. The economy has three goods: A, B, and C. The prices of the goods are PA, PB and Pc. The supply functions are as follows: QA = 11+2PA-3PB + aPc QB = 9+6PB-PA-3Pc 3PB, QC = 2PC-3PA where a is a parameter. The demand is fixed: QdA = QdB = 10; QdC = q. (a) [10 marks] Using the equilibrium conditions that supply must equal demand, write down three equations that determine the equilibrium prices PA, PB and Pc. Write this system of equations in matrix form MP = N, where P = [PA, PB, PC]T. (b) [10 marks] Compute M. Show that the rank of M is 2 if a = 9/7 and 3 otherwise. (c) [10 marks] Assume a = 9/7. Find the value of q at which the system admits an infinity of solutions. (d) [10 marks] Suppose a ≠ 9/7 . Use Cramer's rule to find the equilibrium value of PA (e) [10 marks] Find ∂PA/∂q. Show that ∂PA/∂q < 0 if a < 0. Explain the economic intuition behind this sign.
The economy has three goods: A, B, and C. The prices of the goods are PA, PB and Pc. The supply functions are as follows Using the equilibrium conditions that supply must equal demand, write down three equations that determine the equilibrium prices PA, PB and Pc. Write this system of equations in matrix form MP = N.
Compute M. Show that the rank of M is 2 if a = 9/7 and 3 otherwise. Otherwise, rank of M = 3(c) Assume a = 9/7. Find the value of q at which the system admits an infinity of solutions.
Solution: Given, a = 9/7 From equation (9), we get:-3PA + 2PC = q ⇒ 2PC = q + 3PA Equation (8) becomes: -PA + 6PB - 3Pc = 1...........(10)Substituting equations (7) and (10) in (9), we get: 3 [2PA - 3PB + aPc] + 2[-PA + 6PB - 3Pc] = q3(2PA - 3PB) + 3(aPc) - 2PA + 12PB - 6Pc = qq + 4PA - 9PB - 3Pc = 0.
Since PA = PB = 10 (Given), we have On substituting PA = PB = 10, and Pc = q/3 - 2 in equations (4), (5), and (6), we get:q = 18The system has an infinity of solutions when q = 18(d) Suppose a ≠ 9/7 . Use Cramer's rule to find the equilibrium value of PA.
Solution: Given, Using Cramer's rule, we get: Find . Show that . Explain the economic intuition behind this sign. Economic intuition behind the sign: If a < 0, then a 1% increase in the demand for C will cause the price of A to decrease by ∂PA/∂q percent. This is because the supply of C falls when the price of C falls, which increases the demand for C, which in turn decreases the price of A.
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E7–11 On January 1, Speedy Delivery Company purchases a delivery van for $90,000. Speedy estimates that at the end of its six-year service life, the van will be worth $30,000. During the six-year period, the company expects to drive the van 200,000 miles. Required: Calculate annual depreciation for the first two years using each of the following methods. Round all amounts to the nearest dollar. 1. Straight-line. 2. Double-declining-balance. 3. Activity-based. Actual miles driven each year were 32,000 miles in year 1 and 35,000 miles in year 2.
the periodic deprecation for the first two times using Straight- line deprecation is$ 10,000, Double- declining- balance deprecation is$ 5,376 and$ 8,584 and exertion- grounded deprecation is$ 9,600 and$ 10,500.
The formula for calculating straight- line deprecation is given by
Annual deprecation = ( cost of asset- salvage value)/ useful life of asset
In the given problem, the cost of the van is$ 90,000, the estimated salvage value at the end of the service life is$ 30,000 and the useful life of the van is 6years.
Annual deprecation = ($ 90,000-$ 30,000)/ 6
= $ 10,000
deprecation for Year 1
Depreciation = $ 10,000 = $ 10,000 Year 1
Depreciation for Year 2
Depreciation = $ 10,000 = $ 10,000 Year 2
2. Double- declining- balance depreciation: The double- declining- balance system of deprecation is an accelerated deprecation system in which the deprecation expenditure decreases with time. The formula for double- declining- balance deprecation is
Annual deprecation rate = ( 2/ useful life of asset) * 100
In the given problem, the useful life of the van is 6years.
Annual deprecation rate = ( 2/ 6) * 100
= 33.33
deprecation for Year 1
Depreciation = (33.33 *$ 90,000) * 32,000/ 200,000
= $ 5,376
deprecation for Year 2
Depreciation = (( 90,000-$ 5,376) *33.33) * 35,000/( 200,000- 32,000)
= $ 8,584
3. exertion- grounded depreciation.
Activity- grounded deprecation is a system of deprecation in which the deprecation expenditure is calculated grounded on the factual operation of the asset. The formula for exertion- grounded deprecation is
Depreciation expenditure per unit of exertion = ( cost of asset- salvage value)/ total units of activity
In the given problem, the cost of the van is$ 90,000, the estimated salvage value at the end of the service life is$ 30,000 and the total units of exertion are 200,000miles.
Depreciation expenditure per afar = ($ 90,000-$ 30,000)/ 200,000 = $0.30 per mile
Depreciation for Year 1
Depreciation = $0.30 per afar * 32,000 long hauls
= $ 9,600
deprecation for Year 2
Depreciation = $0.30 per afar * 35,000 long hauls
= $ 10,500
thus, the periodic deprecation for the first two times using Straight- line deprecation is$ 10,000, Double- declining- balance deprecation is$ 5,376 and$ 8,584 and exertion- grounded deprecation is$ 9,600 and$ 10,500.
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Prepare entries to record the following non-strategic investment transactions of Arrowhead Investment Corporation. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
2020
Mar. 1 Paid $76,980 to purchase a $76,000, two-year, 8.0% bond payable of Action Corporation dated March 1. Interest is paid quarterly beginning June 1. Management intends to actively trade bond purchases.
Apr. 16 Bought 2,800 common shares of Brandon Motors at $28.00.
May 2 Paid $54,968 to purchase a five-year, 5.50%, $56,000 bond payable of Collingwood Corporation. Interest is paid annually each April 30.
June 1 Received a cheque from Action Corporation regarding quarterly interest.
Aug. 1 Brandon Motors’ board of directors declared a dividend of $0.75 per share to shareholders of record on August 10, payable August 15.
15 Received the Brandon Motors dividend.
Sept. 1 Received a cheque from Action Corporation regarding quarterly interest.
17 Purchased 26,600 Dauphin Inc. common shares at $3.90.
Oct. 20 Sold the Brandon Motors shares at $31.50.
Dec. 1 Received a cheque from Action Corporation regarding quarterly interest.
1 Sold the Action Corporation bond at 101.
31 Accrued interest on the Collingwood bond. The fair value of the equity security on this date was Dauphin, $4.20. The carrying value equalled the fair value for the Collingwood bond.
2021
Apr. 30 Received a cheque from Collingwood Corporation regarding annual interest.
Here are the journal entries to record the non-strategic investment transactions of Arrowhead Investment Corporation:
2020
Mar. 1:
Investment in Bonds - Action Corporation 76,980
Cash 76,980
(To record the purchase of the bond payable of Action Corporation)
Apr. 16:
Investment in Common Shares - Brandon Motors 78,400
Cash 78,400
(To record the purchase of common shares of Brandon Motors)
May 2:
Investment in Bonds - Collingwood Corporation 54,968
Cash 54,968
(To record the purchase of the bond payable of Collingwood Corporation)
June 1:
Cash 1,520
Interest Revenue 1,520
(To record the receipt of quarterly interest from Action Corporation)
Aug. 1:
Dividend Receivable - Brandon Motors 2,100
Dividend Revenue 2,100
(To record the declaration of dividend by Brandon Motors)
Aug. 15:
Cash 2,100
Dividend Receivable - Brandon Motors 2,100
(To record the receipt of dividend from Brandon Motors)
Sept. 1:
Cash 1,520
Interest Revenue 1,520
(To record the receipt of quarterly interest from Action Corporation)
Sept. 17:
Investment in Common Shares - Dauphin Inc. 103,740
Cash 103,740
(To record the purchase of common shares of Dauphin Inc.)
Oct. 20:
Cash 87,600
Investment in Common Shares - Brandon Motors 78,400
Gain on Sale of Investment 9,200
(To record the sale of Brandon Motors shares at $31.50)
Dec. 1:
Cash 1,520
Interest Revenue 1,520
(To record the receipt of quarterly interest from Action Corporation)
Dec. 1:
Cash 77,760
Investment in Bonds - Action Corporation 76,000
Gain on Sale of Investment 1,760
(To record the sale of Action Corporation bond at 101)
Dec. 31:
Interest Receivable - Collingwood Corporation 2,775
Interest Revenue 2,775
(To record the accrual of interest on the Collingwood bond)
2021
Apr. 30:
Cash 2,800
Interest Receivable - Collingwood Corporation 2,800
(To record the receipt of annual interest from Collingwood Corporation)
These journal entries reflect the transactions related to non-strategic investments for Arrowhead Investment Corporation.
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The ability of banks to create money has its source in which of the following A. the 100 percent reserve requirement B. fractional-reserve banking (i.e. less than 100 percent reserve requirement) C. the ability of the government to mint as much currency as it wishes D. the banks' ability to issue currency (bank notes) of their own
The ability of banks to create money has its source in fractional-reserve banking. The right answer is B.
A small amount of bank deposits must be available for withdrawal in a system referred to as fractional reserve banking. The ability of banks to hold some deposits in reserves and use the remaining deposits to make loans is what allows for money creation in a fractional reserve banking system. Banks only need to have a particular sum of cash on hand in order to offer loans with the money people deposit.
Fractional reserves enable lending, which stimulates economic growth. Most economies nowadays employ fractional reserve banking in their financial systems. As there is always a possibility that withdrawals could surpass the amount of reserves on hand, banks with low fractional reserves are more susceptible to bank runs.
The correct answer is option B.
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Information concerning two entities is presented below: Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for Year Ended 2021 December 31 Details Elf Lamb $000 $000 5.000 4 200 Revenue Cost of Sales (4 100) (3 500) Gross Profit 900 700 Distribution and Administrative Expenses (320) (180) Profit before Tax 580 520 Income Tax Expense (190) (160) Profit for the year 390 360 Other Comprehensive Income: Gain on Revaluation of Property 60 40 Total Comprehensive Income for the year 450 400 Additional information: i. Elf acquired an 80% investment in Lamb on 2021 April 01. It is the group's policy to measure non-controlling interest at fair value at acquisition. Goodwill of $100 000 arose on acquisition. Fair value of net assets was deemed to be the same as the carrying amount of net assets at acquisition. ii. An impairment review was conducted on 2021 December 31 and it was decided that goodwill on the acquisition of Lamb was impaired by 10%. iii. On 2021 October 31, Lamb sold goods to Elf for $300 000. Two-thirds of these goods remained in Elf's inventories at year end. Lamb charges a markup of 25% on cost. iv. Assume that profits and other comprehensive income of Lamb accrue evenly over the year. Required: A. A Consolidated Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the Elf group for year ended 2021 December 31. (15 marks) B. Describe the method used in preparing the consolidated financial statement where there is an investment in an associate.
Details Elf Lamb Group $000 $000 $000 Revenue [tex]5.000 4 200 9.200[/tex] Cost of sales (4 100) (3 500) (7.600) Gross profit 900 700 1.600 Distribution and administrative expenses (320) (180) (500) Profit before tax 580 520 1.100 Income tax expense (190) (160) (350) Profit for the year 390 360 750
Other comprehensive income: Gain on revaluation of property 60 40 100 Total comprehensive income for the year 450 400 850Additional information:i. Elf acquired an 80% investment in Lamb on 2021 April 01. It is the group's policy to measure non-controlling interest at fair value at acquisition. Goodwill of $100 000 arose on acquisition. Fair value of net assets was deemed to be the same as the carrying amount of net assets at acquisition. The Non-Controlling Interest's (NCI) share of profit for the year ended 31 December 2021 is:80% of Lamb's profit for the year = 80% x 360 000 = $288 000NCI's share of gain on revaluation of property = 20% x $60 000 = $12 000NCI's share of total comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2021 = $300 000B. The equity method is used in preparing the consolidated financial statement where there is an investment in an associate.
B. The equity method is an accounting technique used to record investments in associates. The equity method includes recording the initial cost of an investment, followed by periodic adjustments for the investor's share of the associate's net income or loss.
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According to Geert Hofstede's model, in collectivist societies: A. employees prefer to act individually.
B. individuals put their personal needs ahead of their family.
C. employees are motivated by group-based rewards and recognition programs.
D. individuals will oppose capitalistic ideologies.
E. employees may feel uncomfortable working in teams.
According to Geert Hofstede's model, in collectivist societies, employees are motivated by group-based rewards and recognition programs. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
In collectivist cultures, such as many Asian and African countries, there is a strong emphasis on group harmony, cooperation, and interdependence. Individual success is often seen as a reflection of the collective's success, and employees derive motivation from being recognized and rewarded as part of a group.
In collectivist societies, individuals typically prioritize the needs and goals of the group, such as their family, community, or organization, over their personal interests (Option B). This sense of collective identity and responsibility fosters collaboration, teamwork, and loyalty towards the group's objectives.
While individuals in collectivist societies value group cohesion, it does not necessarily mean they prefer to act individually (Option A). In fact, they may feel more comfortable and effective when working in teams, as cooperation and consensus-building are valued traits.
It is important to note that collectivism does not imply opposition to capitalistic ideologies (Option D). Many collectivist societies have thriving capitalist economies where individuals and organizations operate within a framework of shared values and mutual obligations.
In conclusion, in collectivist societies, employees are motivated by group-based rewards and recognition programs, prioritize the needs of their group over personal interests, and often thrive in collaborative team environments.
Understanding these cultural dynamics is crucial for effective management and leadership in collectivist societies. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
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The average nominal incomes earned in Eturia and the CPI are shown in the table below. 2018 Nominal income CPI (2002100) 2019 $32,000 2020 $34,000 $26,700 105 107 111.5 a. Real income. $ $ $ b. Percen
a. Real Income for 2019 ≈ $30,476
Real Income for 2020 ≈ $31,776
b. Percentage change in real income from 2018 to 2019 ≈ -4.75%
Percentage change in real income from 2019 to 2020 ≈ 4.26%
To calculate the real income for each year, we need to adjust the nominal income for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) values provided.
The formula to calculate real income is:
Real Income = (Nominal Income / CPI) * 100
Using the provided data, we can calculate the real income for each year:
a. Real income:
2019:
Real Income = ($32,000 / 105) * 100 ≈ $30,476
2020:
Real Income = ($34,000 / 107) * 100 ≈ $31,776
b. Percentage change of real income:
To calculate the percentage change in real income, we use the formula:
Percentage Change = ((New Value - Old Value) / Old Value) * 100
Percentage change in real income from 2018 to 2019:
((30,476 - 32,000) / 32,000) * 100 ≈ -4.75%
Percentage change in real income from 2019 to 2020:
((31,776 - 30,476) / 30,476) * 100 ≈ 4.26%
Updated table with calculated values:
Year Nominal Income CPI Real Income % Change in Real Income
2018 $32,000 - - -
2019 - 105 $30,476 -4.75%
2020 $34,000 107 $31,776 4.26%
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Complete Question:
The average nominal incomes earned in Eturia and the CPI are shown in the table below. 2018 Nominal income CPI (2002100) 2019 $32,000 2020 $34,000 $26,700 105 107 111.5 a. Real income. $ $ $ b. Percentage change of real income a. Calculate real income for each year. Enter your responses in the table above. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. b. By what percentage did real incomes rise in the years 2019 and 2020? Enter your responses rounded to one decimal place, in the table above.
"a) Capital Reconstruction Dunstable Ltd has a statement of financial position with significant retained losses and no cash (it holds a bank overdraft of £66,000). Its net assets stand at £84,000 and are represented by the following capital and reserves:
£'000
Preference shares of £1 each fully paid 200
Ordinary shares of £1 each fully paid 100
Retained Earnings 216
Net assets 84
Dunstable has succeeded in creating a new product that its directors anticipate will yield profits of £50,000 each year for at least the next five years, although this will require additional funds. The following capital restructuring scheme has been approved and authorised by its creditors:
1. 40% of the ordinary shares are to be surrendered.
2. The preference shares are to be surrendered and cancelled and the holder of every 50 preference shares will pay Dunstable £30 cash, and will be issued: One 7% loan note of £40 each, and 10 fully paid ordinary shares of £1 (redistributing the shares surrendered).
3. The freehold property is to be revalued upwards by £60,000.
4. The negative balance on retained earnings will be written off, and equipment will be impaired by £4,000.
(i) Discuss the challenges that Dunstable would face in raising finance to fund its new product given its current capital and reserves presentation. Explain how Dunstable may be able to persuade both ordinary and preference shareholders - and its creditors – to the restructuring scheme that is described above. (12 marks)
(ii) Prepare the journals that would account for each of the adjustments (1) to (4) outlined above and present a T-account of the Capital Reduction and Reorganisation (CR&R) account that should clear to zero as a result of the adjustments."
Dunstable Ltd can face challenges in raising finance for its new product due to its current financial position, including significant retained losses and no cash. The company's net assets of £84,000 may not be sufficient to fund the new product's development and meet its additional funding requirements. Furthermore, the existence of a bank overdraft of £66,000 indicates the company's lack of liquidity and potential difficulty in securing additional funds.
To persuade ordinary and preference shareholders, as well as creditors, to the proposed capital restructuring scheme, Dunstable can highlight the potential profitability of the new product. By demonstrating that the new product is anticipated to generate profits of £50,000 annually for the next five years, the company can showcase the future growth prospects and potential return on investment for shareholders and creditors.
The capital restructuring scheme offers various incentives to shareholders and creditors. Surrendering 40% of ordinary shares aims to reduce the company's capital base and reallocate ownership, which may enhance the perceived value of the remaining shares. For preference shareholders, the scheme offers the opportunity to exchange their preference shares for a combination of cash, loan notes, and additional ordinary shares. This restructuring allows preference shareholders to maintain an ownership stake in the company while also receiving immediate cash and potential future returns.
Additionally, the revaluation of the freehold property and the write-off of the negative balance on retained earnings can improve the company's financial position and overall stability. The impairment of equipment reflects a conservative approach to accounting and acknowledges any potential decreases in the value of assets.
In summary, Dunstable Ltd can overcome the challenges of raising finance by emphasizing the profitability of the new product and its growth potential. The proposed capital restructuring scheme provides incentives to ordinary and preference shareholders, as well as creditors, by offering a reallocation of shares, cash payments, and improved financial stability.
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What were Milton Friedman’s main arguments for proposing a
steady rate of growth of the money supply?
Milton Friedman, a prominent economist, advocated for a steady rate of growth of the money supply based on several main arguments.
Firstly, he believed that a stable and predictable growth rate of money supply would help maintain price stability in the economy. By controlling the money supply growth, Friedman argued that excessive inflation or deflation could be avoided, providing a more favorable environment for economic stability and planning.
Secondly, Friedman emphasized the importance of separating monetary policy from discretionary decision-making. He believed that a steady growth rate of the money supply would remove the discretion of policymakers and limit their ability to engage in short-term interventions that could have unintended consequences. According to Friedman, this would reduce the potential for political manipulation and allow the economy to function more efficiently.
Furthermore, Friedman argued that a steady growth rate of the money supply would provide a stable foundation for long-term economic growth. By maintaining a predictable monetary environment, individuals and businesses could make rational decisions regarding investments, savings, and consumption, promoting economic stability and growth.
In summary, Milton Friedman supported a steady rate of growth of the money supply to achieve price stability, limit discretionary policy interventions, and provide a solid foundation for long-term economic growth.
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There are some people, mainly Democrats, who think that the District of Columbia should become a state. In order for that to happen, it would take an act of Congress, passed in the form of regular legislation and signed by the president. In the current Congress, if such a bill were proposed and if every Democrat in both chambers favored it while all of the Republicans were against it, would this bill be likely to pass? Explain why or why not.
If a bill were proposed for making the District of Columbia a state and every Democrat in both chambers favored it while all of the Republicans were against it, then this bill is unlikely to pass. This is because the Democrats would need at least some Republican support to overcome procedural obstacles and potential filibusters.
Legislation in Congress usually requires a simple majority to pass in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. However, when it comes to making the District of Columbia a state, there are several factors that make it more difficult:
In the Senate, there is a filibuster rule that allows senators to block legislation unless 60 senators vote to end debate and move to a vote. Since the Democrats do not have 60 votes, they would need some Republican support to pass a bill for D.C. statehood.
In addition, there are concerns that making D.C. a state would give Democrats an unfair advantage in Congress since the city has a predominantly Democratic population. This could lead to opposition from Republicans who do not want to cede power to the Democrats.
Finally, there are constitutional questions about whether Congress has the authority to make D.C. a state since the Constitution specifies that the capital must be a federal district, not a state. This could lead to legal challenges that would have to be resolved before a bill could be passed.
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In what way the Covid-19 affectes the demand of
cinemas and other platform's?
as in lockdown the demands of cinema's fell down whereas, demand of
other platform's like Netflix was increased.
The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the demand for cinemas and other platforms.
The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in widespread lockdowns and social distancing measures, which greatly affected the entertainment industry. Cinemas, being physical venues, were heavily impacted as they had to close their doors to comply with safety regulations and prevent the spread of the virus. This led to a sharp decline in the demand for cinema experiences as people were unable or reluctant to visit theaters.
On the other hand, the demand for other platforms such as streaming services like Netflix experienced a surge during the pandemic. With people staying at home due to lockdown measures, the demand for home entertainment increased. Streaming platforms offered a convenient and accessible way for people to access a wide range of movies and TV shows from the comfort of their homes. This led to an increase in demand for streaming services, as people sought alternative sources of entertainment.
The contrasting effects on the demand for cinemas and other platforms can be attributed to the changing consumer behavior and the need for entertainment options that align with the restrictions imposed by the pandemic.
The Covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the demand for cinemas due to closures and restrictions, while it had a positive impact on the demand for streaming platforms like Netflix as people turned to home entertainment options. These shifts in demand reflect the changing preferences and circumstances brought about by the pandemic.
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Decisions regarding purchases and sales of government securities by the Fed are made by the:
a. Federal Funds Committee.
b. Discount Committee.
c. Federal Open
d. Market Committee FDIC
Decisions regarding buying and deals of country securities by the Fed are made by the Federal Open Market Committee. Therefore option C is correct.
The monetary policy setting in the United States can be done by the Federal Open Market Committee. This committee consists of 12 members including the Reserve Bank presidents, and the Board of Governors. They meet regularly to monitor the economic conditions.
The Federal Open Market Committee chooses the suitable method of action for monetary policy for open market operations, in which buying and selling involve and also government security is virtually involved. This influences the sales of resources in reserve banks.
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The complete question is:
Decisions regarding purchases and sales of government securities by the Fed are made by the:
a. Federal Funds Committee.
b. Discount Committee.
c. Federal Open Market Committee
d. FDIC
The purpose of separately reporting the amounts for unusual and/or infrequent items and discontinued operations is to assist users of the income statement in making forecasts of future earnings.
a. True
b. False
B (False). the purpose of separately reporting the amounts for unusual and/or infrequent items and discontinued operations is not to assist users of the income statement in making forecasts of future earnings.
The correct option is B
It is important for users of financial statements to have a clear understanding of the underlying operating performance of a business. However, it is often the case that a business will experience events that do not represent the ongoing, regular operations of the business. These events, which can be positive or negative, are often referred to as unusual and/or infrequent items.
These unusual or infrequent items are disclosed separately on the income statement to make them stand out and to help the user of the income statement to understand what is and what is not related to the ongoing operating performance of the business. This type of disclosure assists in the evaluation of the underlying performance of the company for a given period of time.
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(Two students, Cindy and Xavier, are discussing labour-leisure choice. Cindy says that if Kimberley has upward-sloping labour supply curve, then leisure must be a normal good for her. If, on the other hand, she is on the backward-bending part of her labour supply curve, then leisure must be an inferior good for her. Xavier disagrees: "Normal and inferior goods are about income changes, not wage changes. Therefore, we do not have enough information: for Kimberly, leisure could be an inferior or normal good in either of these cases."
Do you agree or disagree? Carefully explain your point of view. Support your argument with graphs of income, substitution and total effects (please put leisure on the horizontal axis and the other goods on the vertical axis).
Please assume that Kimberley's preferences over leisure and other goods are strictly convex and satisfy "more is better" assumption.
I agree with Xavier's argument. The relationship between the shape of Kimberley's labor supply curve and the classification of leisure as a normal or inferior good depends on income changes rather than wage changes. Therefore, we do not have enough information to determine whether leisure is a normal or inferior good for Kimberley based solely on the shape of her labor supply curve.
Normal goods are those for which the quantity demanded increases as income increases, while inferior goods are those for which the quantity demanded decreases as income increases. Leisure, in this context, refers to the amount of free time or non-work activities that Kimberley chooses.
The shape of Kimberley's labor supply curve can provide insights into her labor-leisure trade-off and how it changes with wage rates. However, it does not directly reveal whether leisure is a normal or inferior good for her.
To illustrate this, let's consider two scenarios:
Upward-Sloping Labor Supply Curve:
If Kimberley's labor supply curve is upward-sloping, it implies that as the wage rate increases, she chooses to work more and allocate less time to leisure. This suggests a positive substitution effect, where the higher wage rate makes leisure relatively more expensive, leading to a substitution of leisure with work.
Backward-Bending Labor Supply Curve:
If Kimberley's labor supply curve exhibits a backward-bending portion, it means that at higher wage rates, she chooses to work fewer hours and allocate more time to leisure. In this case, the substitution effect of the higher wage rate is dominated by the income effect, which makes leisure a normal good. The income effect reflects the fact that higher wages increase Kimberley's income, allowing her to afford more leisure.
In both scenarios, the shape of the labor supply curve provides insights into how Kimberley responds to changes in the wage rate, but it does not directly determine whether leisure is a normal or inferior good for her. This is because the concept of normal and inferior goods is related to income changes, not wage changes.
Graphically, we can represent these scenarios using the standard labor-leisure choice model. The horizontal axis represents leisure, and the vertical axis represents other goods. The budget constraint reflects the trade-off between leisure and consumption, given the wage rate and income level.
In the case of an upward-sloping labor supply curve, the budget constraint shifts outward as the wage rate increases, leading to a higher consumption level and a decrease in leisure. However, the income effect may also lead to an increase in leisure if leisure is a normal good.
In the case of a backward-bending labor supply curve, the budget constraint still shifts outward as the wage rate increases, but the income effect dominates, leading to an increase in leisure and a decrease in consumption.
Therefore, the determination of whether leisure is a normal or inferior good for Kimberley requires considering the income effect in addition to the shape of the labor supply curve.
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3. True/False. Explain. Assuming negative economic profits in a monopolistically competitive industry, then over the long run the price of the profit maximizing level of output will rise while the ave
Assuming negative economic profits in a monopolistically competitive industry, the statement "the price of the profit-maximizing level of output will rise while the ave" is false. The given statement is false.
A negative economic profit, by definition, means that the revenue generated by a firm is less than its opportunity cost, which implies that the firm is not covering all of its costs in the short run. If a monopolistically competitive firm is operating with negative economic profits, it would be unfeasible for the price of the profit-maximizing level of output to rise in the long run. A price rise would imply that the firm is enjoying some profits, which is not the case if the economic profits are negative. Instead, firms in a monopolistically competitive industry will either leave the market or change their output level in the long run in order to escape the loss that comes with negative economic profits. Firms may reduce their output level or increase their product's price, depending on the situation.
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One of the main roles of software architecture is to facilitate communication among stakeholders
a. True
b. False
The given assertion " One of the main roles of software architecture is to facilitate communication among stakeholders." is true because software architecture assumes a pivotal part in empowering viable correspondence among different partners associated with the turn of events and support of a product framework.
Partners in programming improvement projects normally incorporate clients, end-clients, engineers, project chiefs, quality affirmation groups, and other pertinent gatherings.
These partners frequently have alternate points of view, needs, and prerequisites. Programming engineering goes about as an outline that gives a mutual perspective and a typical language for all partners.
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The Oxnard City Bank has $9 million in loans, $9 million in deposits, $2 million in bonds, and $5 million in reserves. What is the Oxnard City Bank's net worth in millions of dollars?
The Oxnard City Bank has $9 million in loans, $9 million in deposits, $2 million in bonds, and $5 million in reserves. The net worth of Oxnard City Bank is $16 million.
The net worth of Oxnard City Bank, we need to subtract its liabilities from its assets.
Assets:
Loans: $9 million
Deposits: $9 million
Bonds: $2 million
Reserves: $5 million
Liabilities:
Deposits: $9 million
Net Worth = Assets - Liabilities
Assets = $9 million (Loans) + $9 million (Deposits) + $2 million (Bonds) + $5 million (Reserves) = $25 million
Liabilities = $9 million (Deposits)
Net Worth = $25 million - $9 million = $16 million
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On January 1, 2019, Hamad Town Go purchased a machine for $240.000. It is estimated that the machine will have a 30 year woeful le or 100,000 units over its usata sis. The at the and is not like is externated to be $20.000 Depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2011, uning the double-declining-balance method of depreciation should be A. $25,400 B. $22.000 C. $40,000 D. $90,000
It should be noted that using the double-declining-balance method of depreciation should be A. $25,400
How to calculate the valueThe depreciation rate for the double-declining-balance method is calculated by doubling the straight-line depreciation rate. The straight-line depreciation rate is calculated by dividing the asset's cost by its useful life.
In this case, the asset's cost is $240,000 and its useful life is 30 years. The straight-line depreciation rate is therefore 8%. The double-declining-balance depreciation rate is therefore 16%.
The depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2011, using the double-declining-balance method is therefore $25,400. This is calculated by multiplying the asset's book value at the beginning of the year by the depreciation rate. The asset's book value at the beginning of the year is $240,000. The depreciation expense for the year is therefore $25,400.
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A good's demand is given by: P = 781 - 2Q. At P = 161, the point price elasticity is: Enter as a value (round to two decimal places if necessary).
Given good's demand: P = 781 - 2QAt P = 161, we have:P = 781 - 2QP - 781 = -2Q-620 = -2QQ = 310Now, we have the value of Q and P at Q = 310 and P = 161Price elasticity of demand is given by εp = (dQ / dP) * (P / Q)At Q = 310 and P = 161:εp = (dQ / dP) * (P / Q)εp = (-2) * (161 / 310)εp = -1.043The point price elasticity is equal to -1.04 (rounded to two decimal places).
Price elasticity of demand (εp) can be defined as the ratio of percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good to the percentage change in the price of that good. It measures the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of a good with respect to its price change. It is a negative value because of the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. That is, as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded decreases and vice versa. Hence, the price elasticity of demand is negative.
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3
3 Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of the table. Required: Complete the table by preparing Olive's flexible budget for 4,400, 6,400, and
A flexible budget can be described as an adjustable budget that takes into account fluctuations in output or other factors, like sales volume, that influence income and costs.
This budget varies with the production levels. To prepare a flexible budget for 33 Olive Company, we will start by understanding what a master budget is.
The master budget is a financial plan that outlines a company's planned operations, capital spending, and financing activities. It is typically a comprehensive budget that includes various departments and subsidiaries and covers the company's expected financial activities for a set period.
Below is a table with Olive's master budget details: Particulars Total Budget Output units 10,000 Sales $100,000Variable costs: $60,000 Fixed costs:$30,000Net income:$10,000 Now, to prepare Olive's flexible budget for 4,400, 6,400, and 10,000 units, we need to use the budgeted cost per unit amounts and the units required to calculate the expected total costs and revenue:
Particulars Total Budget Budgeted cost per unit Output units Sales Revenue Variable costs Fixed costs Net income4,400$44,000$10.00$44,000$6.00$26,400$18,000$-8,4006,400$64,000$10.00$64,000$6.00$38,400$18,000$7,60010,000$100,000$10.00$100,000$6.00$60,000$30,000$10,000
From the table above, we can see that as the output units increase, Olive's sales revenue and net income also increase.
At the same time, Olive's variable costs also increase as they are directly proportional to the production levels. Fixed costs remain the same regardless of the output units.
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Suppose the price elasticity of demand for toys manufactured by firms Alpha, Beta, Charlie, and Delta are 0.2, 0.72, 1.0, and 1.3 respectively. The demand for toys will be elastic for: ________-
Suppose the price elasticity of demand for toys manufactured by firms Alpha, Beta, Charlie, and Delta are 0.2, 0.72, 1.0, and 1.3 respectively. The demand for toys will be elastic for: Delta
The demand for toys will be elastic when the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1. This means that a 1% change in price will result in a more than 1% change in quantity demanded.
Looking at the given price elasticities of demand:
Alpha has a price elasticity of demand of 0.2 (inelastic)
Beta has a price elasticity of demand of 0.72 (inelastic)
Charlie has a price elasticity of demand of 1.0 (unitary elastic)
Delta has a price elasticity of demand of 1.3 (elastic)
Among the given options, the demand for toys will be elastic for Firm Delta (Delta) since its price elasticity of demand is greater than 1 (specifically, it is 1.3).
Therefore, the demand for toys will be elastic for Firm Delta.
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QUESTION 17 Match the six sigma organization personnel to the appropriate qualification and training requirements ✓ Green Belts ✓ Black Belts ✓ Master Black Belts ✓ Champions QUESTION 18 A pro
Six Sigma is a collection of approaches and instruments used to enhance corporate operations by lowering errors and flaws, lowering variation, and raising quality and productivity. Only 3.4 faults per million opportunities are the level of quality that Six Sigma aims to reach.
A collection of methods and equipment for process improvement is called Six Sigma. While employed by Motorola in 1986, American engineer Bill Smith introduced it.
Six Sigma is a quality improvement methodology for businesses that counts the number of flaws in a process and aims to systematically fix them.
The tools used to assist Six Sigma and other process improvement initiatives are known as Six Sigma tools. The Six Sigma expert drives process improvement using both qualitative and quantitative methods.
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A UK company expects to receive Euro 800,000 in three months. The current spot exchange rate is GBP 1 = Euro 1.250, and the three-month forward exchange rate is GBP 1 = Euro 1.239. Annual interest rates for 3-month deposit and borrowing in GBP are 5.0% and 7.5%, respectively. Annual interest rates for 3-month deposit and borrowing in Euro are 1.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Required:
1) Design a money market hedge for the UK company. Determine the synthetic forward exchange rate.
2) If the company use a currency forward to hedge the foreign currency risk, should the company buy or sell the forward on Euro? What are the cash flows from the forward contract if it is deliverable?
Design a money market hedge for the UK company. Determine the synthetic forward exchange rate. Calculation of Money Market Hedge:
Conversion of Euros to Pounds - Spot Exchange Rate: \
1 Euro = GBP 1.25
Number of Euros that will be received in three months = Euro 800,000 Forward Exchange Rate:
1 Euro = GBP 1.239
If the UK company does not use a money market hedge, it will receive: = Euro 800,000 / 1.25 = GBP 640,000 If the UK company employs a money market hedge, it will receive: = Euro 800,000 / 1.01 (1+0.05×(3/12)) = GBP 630,942.81 Synthetic Forward Exchange Rate: = 630,942.81 / 800,000 = GBP 0.788678) / Euro 1.2) If the company uses a currency forward to hedge the foreign currency risk, it should sell the forward on Euro.
The cash flows from the forward contract if it is deliverable: = (Forward rate – Spot rate) × Notional amount = (GBP 0.788678 / Euro – 1.250 / Euro) × Euro 800,000 = -GBP 6,169.27 (this means that the UK company will receive GBP 6,169.27 on selling the forward) In brief, if the UK company employs a money market hedge, it should receive Euro 800,000 / 1.01 (1+0.05×(3/12)) = GBP 630,942.81. If the company uses a currency forward to hedge the foreign currency risk, it should sell the forward on Euro, and the cash flows from the forward contract if it is deliverable will be -GBP 6,169.27. The synthetic forward exchange rate for the UK company is GBP 0.788678 / Euro 1.
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tyson fields is applying for a $140,000 mortgage. he can select either a $980 monthly payment with no points or a $882 payment with 4 points. how many months will it take tyson to cover the cost of the discount points if he takes the lower monthly payment?
The cost of the discount points is 4% * $140,000 = $5,600.
The difference between the two monthly payments is $980 - $882 = $98.
How to calculate thisSo, it will take Tyson 5,600 / 98 = 58 months to cover the cost of the discount points.
In other words, it will take Tyson just over 5 years to break even on the lower monthly payment.
Putting it succinctly:
The cost of the discount points is 4% * $140,000 = $5,600.
The difference between the two monthly payments is $980 - $882 = $98.
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